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2023 Supreme(SC) 1770

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
S.Ravindra Bhat, Aravind Kumar, JJ.
The State of Haryana – Petitioner
Versus
Darshan Singh & Anr. – Respondents
Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (Crl.) No.1176 of 2023
Decided On : 08-08-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr.Nikhil Goel, A.A.G., Dr.Monika Gusain, AOR
For the Respondent: Ms.Nupur Kumar, AOR, Ms.Muskan Nagpal

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Sections 82, 83, and 174 - Procedural guidelines for issuing proclamations to ensure appearance of accused - High Court's order addressed default by witnesses utilizing provisions intended for accused persons - Court ruled that failure to follow clear procedural rules can result in incorrect judicial outcomes (Paras 2-6).

(B) The consequences of non-appearance under Section 174A, imposing penalties on proclaimed offenders, highlight the necessity for proper adherence to the procedural framework in criminal proceedings (Paras 4-5).

Facts of the case:
The State of Haryana challenged the High Court’s order granting bail while improperly instructing on the issuance of proclamations for witnesses. The procedural efficacy and clear delineation between accused and witness roles were in question.

Findings of Court:
The Court upheld the bail granted to the accused but nullified the improper procedural directives issued by the High Court regarding witness proclamations.

Issues: The main issues addressed included the correctness of the procedural actions taken against witnesses and the appropriate application of Code provisions concerning accused persons.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court concluded that the High Court's directions to the State regarding witness proclamations were not aligned with statutory requirements, necessitating a correction of these instructions while maintaining the bail order.

Result: Special leave petition allowed in the terms stated.

Table of Content
1. court's procedural overview of the case. (Para 1)
2. discussion on witness notification and trial court's responsibilities. (Para 2)
3. clarification of the consequences of non-appearance under the law. (Para 3 , 4)
4. outline of procedural steps under criminal procedure. (Para 5 , 6)
5. ruling on annulment of improper court directives. (Para 7)
6. allowing the bail but reversing certain directives. (Para 8 , 9)

ORDER :

1. Upon hearing the counsel the Court made the following order

2. The High Court by its impugned order even while granting bail to the accused issued detailed and elaborate guidelines with respect to the manner of issuing proclamations under Sections 82 and 83 Cr.P.C. The impugned order decides inter alia that:

    "Learned counsel for the petitioner(s) as well as learned State counsel submit that since one of the eye-witnesses, namely Amrik Singh was declared a proclaimed person by the trial Court, his statement has not been recorded and after 2019, no efforts have been made by the trial Court to summons aforesaid witnesses.

    It is surprising that the trial Court has adopted a procedure under Section 82 Cr.P.C. against a witness, though the procedure under Section 82 Cr.P.C. is meant for appearance of an accused person."

3. The impugned order also reveals that the Court took into consideration Sections 174 , 82 and 311 IPC. The Court noted Section 174 but went on to hold that the defaulting witness can be punished with simple imprisonment with a term extending up to six months or fine.

4. The provisions of Section 174 Cr. P.C. are clear and they require the person bound to attend "In person or by an agent at a certain place and time, in obedience to summons, notice, order, omits to do so intentionally", will be punished. The consequence of non-appearance is, however, spelt out in Section 174 A, which reads as follows:

    "Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974.-Whoever fails to appear at the specified place and the specified time as required by a proclamation published under sub-section

    (1) of section 82 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both, and where a declaration has been made under sub-section (4) of that section pronouncing him as a proclaimed offender, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine."

5. Reading of " Sections 82 and 83 also reveal the further steps to be taken by the High Court concerned after the summons are issued in default of which warrants can be issued, i.e. issuance of proclamation and the consequent attachment in respect to whom the proclamation is issued.

6. It is evident that the impugned order has inadvertently or otherwise entirely overlooked Form 5 and 6 and the important provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, i.e. Sections 83 and 174A.

7. Therefore, to the extent, they issue directions to the State and to all Courts within the territories of Punjab, Haryana and Union Territory of Chandigarh; are hereby set aside. However, to the extent that the order grants bail to the accused, is left undisturbed.

8. The special leave petition is allowed in the above terms

9. Pending applications, if any, are disposed of.

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