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2025 Supreme(SC) 1492

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
J.B. PARDIWALA AND R. MAHADEVAN, JJ.
Nasim Khan - Appellant
Versus
Kadirul Haq Khan And Others - Respondent
Petition for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No.27861 of 2017 [Arising out of impugned final judgment and order dated 17-07-2017 in SA No. 1152 of 1990 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad]
Decided on : 03-01-2025

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order 41 Rule 31 - Appeal - Suit for possession and injunction dismissed by Trial Court - First Appellate Court allowed the appeal, which was later quashed by the High Court on grounds of property identification issues and irrelevance of findings by First Appellate Court. (Paras 8 and 16)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff sought possession and permanent injunction over a disputed property in a civil suit which was dismissed initially by the Trial Court. The First Appellate Court decreed the suit, but the High Court allowed the Second Appeal by the defendants, dismissing the suit again due to unclear property boundaries. (Paras 3-5)

Findings of Court:
The High Court determined that the suit property was not identifiable as per the plaint map, thereby rendering the suit unsustainable. The Court observed that the identification of property was crucial for the suit to proceed. (Paras 8 and 9)

Issues: Main issues included whether the appellate court wrongly decreed the entire suit, if the tenancy was validly terminated, and whether the suit was time-barred. (Para 7)

Ratio Decidendi: The Court emphasized that without a clear identification of property boundaries, the suit could not be maintained, reiterating the necessity of specific statutory provisions in civil proceedings. The High Court's observations led the Supreme Court to conclude that it was appropriate to dismiss the appeal and uphold the lower court's ruling. (Paras 8, 10, and 12)

Result: Special Leave Petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. overview of procedural history and case background. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. substantial questions of law identified by defendants. (Para 7 , 8)
3. issues concerning the identification of the property boundaries. (Para 9 , 12)
4. discussion about the high court's decision-making process. (Para 10 , 11 , 13)
5. final decision: special leave petition dismissed. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)

ORDER :

1. This petition arises from the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad dated 17-7-2017 in Second Appeal No.1152/90 by which the High Court allowed the Second Appeal filed by the respondents - herein (original defendants) and thereby quashed and set aside the judgment and order passed by the First Appellate Court allowing the suit filed by the petitioners - herein (original plaintiffs).

2. We have heard Mr. Yashvardhan Singh, the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner (original plaintiff) and Mr. Udayaditya Banerjee, the learned counsel appearing for the respondents (original defendants).

3. The plaintiff instituted Original Civil Suit No.47/1977 seeking relief of possession and permanent injunction with respect to the suit property. The suit came to be dismissed by the Trial Court. The plaintiff being dissatisfied with the judgment and order passed by the Trial Court went in appeal before the First Appellate Court. The First Appellate Court allowed the appeal and thereby decreed the suit.

4. The original defendants being dissatisfied with the judgment and order passed by the First Appellate Court preferred the Second Appeal before the High Court.

5. The Second Appeal came to be allowed and the suit of the plaintiff was ordered to be dismissed.

6. In such circumstances, referred to above, the plaintiff is here before this Court with the present petition seeking leave to appeal.

7. We take notice of the fact that in the Memorandum of the Second appeal, the defendants formulated the following three substantial questions of law for the consideration of the High Court:-

    "(i) Whether the appellate court was justified in decreeing the suit for possession over the entire disputed property in view of categorical finding recorded by the Munsif that only a certain portion of the disputed property was situated in Plot No. 107/2?

    (ii) Whether the so called tenancy of the defendant was validity terminated?

    (iii) Whether the suit was time barred?"

8. The High Court while allowing the Second Appeal observed the following:-

    "Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and after having gone through the record, I am of the view that the first appeal was wrongly allowed. When the property itself was not identifiable and it was vaguely found that some portion of the disputed property fell in plot no. 107/2, then the further exercise of dealing with remaining issues, which has been undertaken by the two courts below was an exercise in futility.

    The Courts could have proceeded with the case had they found that the suit property was contained in the boundaries as were given in the plaint map. This finding also was not arrived at by the First Appellate Court. Also the reversal of the findings of fact as were arrived at by the Trial Court was done on absolutely irrelevant consideration. The submission of the appellant-defendant that the judgement of the court below was in contravention of order 41 Rule 31 also appears to be correct in view of the law laid down in 2017 (2) SCC 415 (Laliteshwar Prasad Singh &. Ors. Vs. S.P. Srivastava (D) Thr. Lrs.). Upon finding that the judgment of the First Appellate Court was in contravention of the provisions of Order 41 Rule 31 C.P.C., this Court ought to have remanded the matter but in view of the fact that the property was not properly identifiable (as per Order VII, Rule 3 CPC) as it was not found to be situate in plot no. 107/2 but was only found to have been located in some northern portion of it, I do not think that the case could be proceeded with and in such circumstances,

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