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2025 Supreme(SC) 1540

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
ABHAY S.OKA AND UJJAL BHUYAN, JJ.
Vineet Jain – Appellant
Versus
Union Of India
Criminal Appeal No.2269 of 2025 (Arising Out of SLP. (Criminal) No.4349 of 2025)
Decided on : 28-04-2025

Headnote:(A) Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 - Section 132(1) - Offences alleged against the appellant include clauses (c), (f) and (h); potential maximum sentence of 5 years with fine - Appellant has been in custody for nearly 7 months without prior bail, despite no antecedents. (Paras 3, 4)

(B) Bail - In cases where the prosecution appears to be based on documentary evidence and the potential sentence is limited, bail is typically granted unless extraordinary circumstances warrant otherwise. (Paras 4, 5)

Facts of the case:
The appellant is charged under the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, with a charge-sheet filed, currently in custody for nearly 7 months, and denied bail by lower courts.

Findings of Court:
The Court criticized the denial of bail at all levels and ruled to set aside the High Court's order, emphasizing the need for bail in cases of limited sentences and lack of serious antecedents.

Issues: The main issue was the propriety of denying bail to an accused facing lesser charges and without prior criminal history.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court established that in typical scenarios, bail should be granted in cases with less severe allegations and no prior history unless extraordinary circumstances are present to justify detention.

Result: Appeal allowed, bail granted.

Table of Content
1. denial of bail despite minor offences (Para 3)
2. observation on bail granting principles (Para 4)
3. grant of bail and appeal allowance (Para 5)

ORDER :

1. Leave granted.

2. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the appellant and the learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for the respondent-Union of India.

3. The offences alleged against the appellant are under Clauses (c), (f) and (h) of Section 132 (1) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017. The maximum sentence is of 5 years with fine. A charge-sheet has been filed. The appellant is in custody for a period of almost 7 months. The case is triable by a Court of a Judicial Magistrate. The sentence is limited and in any case, the prosecution is based on documentary evidence.

There are no antecedents

4. We are surprised to note that in a case like this, the appellant has been denied the benefit of bail at all levels, including the High Court and ultimately, he was forced to approach this Court. These are the cases where in normal course, before the Trial Courts, the accused should get bail unless there are some extra ordinary circumstances.

5. By setting aside the impugned order dated 24th January, 2025 of the High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan, Bench at Jaipur, we grant bail to the appellant. The appellant shall be immediately produced before the Trial Court and the Trial Court shall enlarge him on bail on appropriate terms and conditions till the conclusion of the trial.

The appeal is accordingly allowed.

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