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2026 Supreme(SC) 611

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
PANKAJ MITHAL, PRASANNA B. VARALE, JJ.
Amit Katyal & Anr. – Petitioners
Versus
State of Haryana & Anr. – Respondents
Miscellaneous Application Diary No. 31664 of 2026 In Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 67 of 2025
Decided On : 21-05-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioners: Mr. Sidharth Luthra, Sr. Adv., Mr. Siddhartha Dave, Sr. Adv., Mr. Manish Vashishtha, AOR, Mr. Vivek Jain, Adv., Mr. Upender Thakur, Adv., Ms. Sonal Awasthi, Adv., Ms. Sahiba Singh, Adv., Ms. Deepti Pandey, Adv.
For the Respondents: Mr. S.V. Raju, A.S.G., Mr. Abhinav Bajaj, A.A.G., Mr. Samar Vijay Singh, AOR, Ms. Sabarni Som, Adv., Mr. Samrat Goswami, Adv., Mr. Ayansh Shukla, Adv., Mr. Shaurya Sarin, Adv., Mr. Harsh Paul Singh, Adv., Mr. Aman Dev Singh, Adv., Ms. Neeta Verma, Adv., Ms. Rekha, Adv., Ms. Aishwarya Bhati, A.S.G., Mr. Mukesh Kumar Maroria, AOR, Mr. S.N. Terdal, AOR, Mr. Jagdish Chandra, Adv., Ms. S.S. Surana, Adv., Ms. Tanmeya Mehta, Adv., Mr. Rajat Nair, Adv.

The court has the authority to modify an order where the operative portion contradicts the underlying reasoning of the judgment. In cases involving multiple proceedings from the same transaction, internal consistency requires that subsequent investigations be transferred to and clubbed with the earlier-instituted proceedings.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure - Modification of orders - Power of Court to rectify inconsistencies - Where the operative portion of an order is in conflict with the reasoning provided in the body of the judgment, the Court possesses the inherent authority to modify the order to ensure it aligns with the intended judicial rationale - Relief granted must be in consonance with the findings recorded. (Paras 5, 6 and 8)

(B) Clubbing of proceedings - Multiple investigations of the same transaction - In instances where multiple investigations proceed simultaneously for the same transaction, the investigation initiated earlier in point of time should be the focal point - Subsequent proceedings should be clubbed and transferred to the investigation originating from the earlier proceeding to ensure procedural consistency and to prevent parallel investigation of the same cause. (Paras 3, 6, 8 and 10)

Facts of the case:
An application was filed seeking the modification of a previously passed order. The Court had earlier issued directions to club two criminal proceedings arising out of the same set of allegations and transaction. Due to a clerical and substantive error, the operative part of the order erroneously directed the transfer of the earlier-instituted proceeding to the later-instituted one, which contradicted the reasoning provided in the main judgment.

Findings of Court:
The Court acknowledged that the operative portion of the order was inconsistent with the narrative and reasoning established in the body of the judgment. It was determined that the relief granted must logically follow the reasoning, and as the proceedings pertained to the same transaction, the subsequent investigation ought to be merged with the one registered earlier in point of time.

Issues: Whether the Court can modify the operative part of a judgment to correct inconsistencies with its stated reasoning and the appropriate manner of clubbing multiple criminal investigations emanating from the same transaction.

Ratio Decidendi: An order is required to be in conformity with the reasoning contained within the judgment. The power to modify an order is essential to correct errors where the operative directions contradict the judicial findings, ensuring that the investigation of multiple proceedings arising from the same transaction is conducted efficiently by centralizing it at the place where the proceedings were first instituted.

Result: Application allowed; previous order modified.

Table of Content
1. court establishes procedural background regarding the application to clarify a prior fir consolidation order. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. discrepancies between judgment reasoning and operative portions warrant judicial correction and rectification. (Para 5 , 6)
3. clarification of existing orders to align with investigative logic does not constitute improper selection of forum. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
4. formal modification of prior order to consolidate subsequent fir with the primary earlier fir. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)

ORDER :

1. Heard Mr. Siddharth Luthra, learned senior counsel appearing for the petitioners/applicants and Mr. S.V. Raju, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for the respondent(s).

2. This Miscellaneous Application has been moved for the clarification/modification of the judgment and order dated 18.05.2026 delivered by this Court wherein apart from clubbing of the FIRs, a direction was issued to club FIR No. 30 of 2019 registered at the PS Economic Offences Wing, Delhi with FIR No. 439/2024, PS Sector 65, Gurugram, Haryana.

3. This Court while passing the judgment and order dated 18.05.2026 has observed in Paragraph 26 that FIR bearing No. 439/2024 registered at Police Station Sector 65, Gurugram, Haryana arises out of the same set of allegations and forms part of the same transaction which is already the subject matter of FIR No. 30/2019 registered at the Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi and therefore permitting the parallel investigation is not proper.

4. This Court further in paragraph 27 allowed the prayer (A) as made in the writ petition which is to the effect that FIR No. 439/2024, PS Sector 65 Gurugram, Haryana be clubbed with FIR No. 30 of 2019, PS Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi.

5. In view of the contents of paragraphs 26 and 27, the relief which has ultimately been granted by this Court appears to be incorrect inasmuch as instead of clubbing and transferring FIR No.439/24 at PS Sector 65, Gurugram, Haryana, the operative part directs for clubbing and transferring of FIR No. 30/2019, PS Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi to that with the FIR No.439/24, PS Sector 65, Gurugram, Haryana.

6. The relief granted has to be in consonance with the reasoning contained in the body of the judgment and as such we are of the opinion that that relief portion of the judgment and order dated 18.05.2026 requires to be corrected/modified and instead of directing FIR No. 30/2019, PS Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi be clubbed and transferred to FIR No. 439/2024, PS Sector 65 Gurugram, Haryana, the FIR No. 439/2024 ,PS Sector 65 Gurugram, Haryana ought to be clubbed and transferred to FIR No. 30/2019, PS Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi.

7. Shri Raju has resisted the proposed modification contending that the accused cannot be permitted to choose the investigating agency.

8. The clarification/modification application is not seeking any relief so as to select the investigating agency. The investigation in the offences is being carried at two places and the court has directed clubbing of the investigation. However, after clubbing the investigation in respect of the FIR earlier in point of time, had been directed to be transferred to the place of subsequent FIR which is not in accordance with the reasoning contained in the judgment. Therefore, it is simply a clarification/modification of the order so that the subsequent investigation may be clubbed with the previous FIR and the investigation in connection thereto in terms of the recitals in the judgment.

9. We are informed that there is no stay on investigation in FIR No. 30/2019, PS Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi.

10. Accordingly, it is directed that FIR No. 439/2024, PS Sector 65 Gurugram, Haryana be clubbed and transferred to FIR No. 30/2019, PS Economic Offences Wing (EOW), Delhi.

11. The judgment and order dated 18.05.2026 passed in Writ Petition (Crl.) No.67 of 2025 stands modified accordingly.

12. The Miscellaneous Application stands disposed of. Pe

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