Abdul Hameed vs State Of Rajasthan - 2026 Supreme(SC) 807

Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation

2026 Supreme(SC) 807

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Vikram Nath, Sanjay Karol, Sandeep Mehta, JJ.
Dr. Abdul Hameed – Appellant
Versus
State Of Rajasthan – Respondent
Criminal Appeal No(s). 1827-1829 of 2019, With Criminal Appeal No(s). 3326 of 2026 (Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No(s). 621 of 2020), Criminal Appeal No(s). 3327 of 2026 (Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No(s). 571 of 2020, Criminal Appeal No(s). 1830 of 2019, Criminal Appeal No(s). 3328 of 2026 (Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No(s). 681 of 2020), Criminal Appeal No(s). 3329 of 2026 (Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No(s). 143 of 2020), Criminal Appeal No(s). 3330 of 2026 (Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No(s). 3531 of 2021)
Decided On : 21-07-2026

Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, AOR Ms. Kamini Jaiswal, AOR Ms. Rani Mishra, Adv. Ms. Nidhi Jaswal, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Raja Thakre, A.S.G. Mr. Shiv Mangal Sharma, A.A.G. Mr. Saurabh Rajpal, Adv. Ms. Nidhi Jaswal, AOR Ms. Awanitika, Adv. Mr. Syed Mehdi Imam, AOR Mr. Mohd Noorullah, Adv. Mr. Abdur Rahman Mallick, Adv. Mr. Atif Suhrawardy, Adv. Ms. Nidhi, AOR Ms. Rani Mishra, AOR Mr. Fuzail Ahmad Ayyubi, AOR Mr. Ibad Mushtaq, Adv. Ms. Akanksha Rai, Adv. Ms. Gurneet Kaur, Adv.

JUDGMENT :

Mehta, J.

For clarity of exposition and to facilitate structured consideration of the issues arising in the present matter, this judgment has been organised under the following heads: -

Table of Contents

I.	THE PROLOGUE
II.	PROSECUTION’S STORY
	A. Facts leading to the registration of FIR:
	B. Investigation conducted by the State Police:
	B.1. Expansion of Investigation and Alleged Conspiracy
	B.2. Investigation Concerning the Alleged Operational Network
	B.3. Investigation Relating to Dr. Abdul Hameed and Other Accused
	C. Details of the Chargesheet
III.	PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE TRIAL COURT
	A. All the accused persons except Accused No. 12-Pappu @ Salim
	B. Accused No. 12-Pappu @ Salim
IV.	PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE HIGH COURT
V.	SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE ACCUSED PERSONS
	A. Accused No. 9-Dr. Abdul Hameed
	B. Accused No. 1-Javed Khan; Accused No. 2-Abdul Goni; Accused No. 4-Lateef Ahmad Baja; Accused No. 5-Mohammad Ali Bhatt; Accused No. 6-Mirza Nisar Hussain; and Accused No.10-Raees Baeg
	C. Accused No. 12-Pappu @ Salim
VI.	SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN
	A. Accused No. 9-Dr. Abdul Hameed
	B. Accused No. 1-Javed Khan; Accused No. 2-Abdul Goni; Accused No. 4-Lateef Ahmad Baja; Accused No. 5-Mohammad Ali Bhatt; Accused No. 6-Mirza Nisar Hussain; and Accused No.10-Raees Baeg
	C. Accused No. 12-Pappu @ Salim
VII.	DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUES ARISING FOR DETERMINATION
	A. Conviction and Sentence Awarded to Accused No. 9-Dr. Abdul Hameed Whether the trial culminating in the conviction of Accused No. 9-Dr. Abdul Hameed was conducted in a manner consistent with the constitutional guarantee of a fair trial and the requirements of due process of law?
	B. Conviction and Sentence Awarded to Accused No. 12-Pappu @ Salim and the Ancillary Issues Arising Therefrom
	C. Challenge to the Acquittal of Accused No. 1-Javed Khan, Accused No. 2-Abdul Goni, Accused No. 4-Lateef Ahmad Baja, Accused No. 5-Mohammad Ali Bhatt, Accused No. 6-Mirza Nisar Hussain and Accused No. 10-Raees Baeg
	D. Conclusion

1. Heard.

2. Leave granted.

I. THE PROLOGUE

3. The history of civilization is, in many aspects, a history of conflict, of order emerging from disorder and of laws fashioned to restrain the chaos that often lurks beneath human ambition. Throughout history wherever human life has thrived, discord and dissension have followed. Wherever human societies have flourished, there have inevitably arisen forces seeking to disturb the delicate balance upon which collective existence depends. The advancement of civilization has therefore been accompanied by a parallel evolution of legal institutions designed to regulate human conduct, resolve disputes, and safeguard the social order from those who threaten its stability. At the heart of every organized legal system lies the recognition that while liberty is indispensable to human progress, it must coexist with responsibility, discipline, and respect for the rights and security of others.

3.1. Throughout history, societies have been confronted by individuals and groups who, driven by motives ranging from personal gain to ideological fanaticism, have sought to undermine public peace and security. The law has evolved not merely as an instrument of punishment but as a civilizational response to such threats. Its purpose extends beyond the imposition of sanctions, it seeks to preserve public confidence in the administration of justice, maintain societal equilibrium, and ensure that the response to crime remains governed by reason rather than emotion. In a constitutional democracy governed by the rule of law, the legitimacy of the criminal justice system is measured not by the severity of its punishments but by the fairness of the processes through which guilt is de

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2026 Supreme(SC) 807

Cases Referred (14)