IN THE HIGH COURT OF ANDHRA PRADESH AT AMARAVATI
Bandaru Syamsunder, J.
Pydimarri Venkateswarlu - Appellant
Versus
Pydimarri Jalamma - Respondent
S.A. No. 933 of 2011
Decided On : 08-11-2023
Forgery - Recovery of Debt - Indian Evidence Act, Sec. 45, Sec. 73 - The court discussed the evidence of the handwriting expert and the admissibility of expert evidence under Sec. 45 of the Indian Evidence Act. The court emphasized that the evidence of the handwriting expert is not conclusive proof and can be relied upon based on independent and reliable corroboration. The court also invoked Sec. 73 of the Indian Evidence Act to compare the disputed signature with admitted signatures. The judgment highlights the importance of expert evidence and its admissibility in reaching a decision.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff filed a suit against the 1st defendant for recovery of a sum of money with interest, alleging that the 1st defendant, who was his sister, borrowed money from him and failed to repay it. The 1st defendant denied the existence of the promissory note and claimed it was forged. The trial court dismissed the suit based on the opinion of a handwriting expert.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the trial court and the appellate court rightly appreciated the evidence of the handwriting expert and dismissed the suit based on the expert's opinion. The substantial question of law was answered in favor of the 2nd defendant, and the second appeal was dismissed.
Issues: The issues involved whether the suit promissory note was true, whether the plaintiff was entitled to recover the suit amount, and whether the 2nd defendant was liable to discharge the suit claim.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the admissibility of expert evidence under Sec. 45 of the Indian Evidence Act and the importance of independent and reliable corroboration when relying on the opinion of a handwriting expert. The court also invoked Sec. 73 of the Indian Evidence Act to compare the disputed signature with admitted signatures.
Final Decision: The second appeal was dismissed, and both parties were directed to bear their own costs.
JUDGMENT
BANDARU SYAMSUNDER, J. - The appellant is the plaintiff in O.S.No.6 of 1995 on the file of Principal Senior Civil Judge's Court, Nellore. The 1st respondent/1st defendant died during pendency of the suit, and the 2nd respondent/ 2nd defendant added as legal representative of the 1st respondent/ 1st defendant in the suit. Originally, the suit was instituted by the appellant against the 1st respondent for recovery of a sum of Rs.1, 87, 880.00 with interest and costs, and after the death of the 1st respondent/1st defendant, sought decree against the estate of the 1st defendant in the hands of the 2nd respondent/2nd defendant.
2. The appellant and the 2nd respondent hereinafter referred to as plaintiff and 2nd defendant as arrayed before the trial Court.
3. The plaintiff instituted the suit against the 1st defendant for recovery of a sum of Rs.1, 87, 880.00 with interest against the estate of the 1st defendant in the hands of the 2nd defendant. It is the contention of the plaintiff that the 1st defendant, who is no other than his sister had borrowed a sum of Rs.1, 22, 000.00 from him and agreed to repay the same with interest at 18% per annum, and executed Ex.A1/promissory note on 10/12/1991, who agreed to repay the debt after selling the house property stands in her name, settled by her husband. The plaintiff submits that the husband of the 1st defendant died, and thereafter he went to Kanigiri to attend funerals and returned to Nellore, and then the 1st defendant executed a sale deed in favour of his relatives as if she sold the house property for Rs.1, 50, 000.00. The plaintiff said to be demanded the 1st defendant to repay his debt, which she has not repaid.
4. The 1st defendant filed written statement, admitting the relationship with the plaintiff, but pleaded that Ex.A1/suit promissory note is forged one. She submits that for medical treatment of her husband, she went to Madras along with her adopted son/2nd defendant, and there was no necessity for her to borrow money from the plaintiff.
5. The 2nd defendant, who impleaded as per Orders in IA No.271 of 2003, dtd. 25/8/2003 as one of the defendant, resisted the claim of the plaintiff. He also took the plea of forgery of suit promissory note, though pleaded that he is adopted son of the 1st defendant.
6. Basing on the above pleadings, the trial Court settled the following issues:-
1. "Whether the suit promissory note is true?
2. Whether the plaintiff is entitled to recover the suit amount as prayed for?
3. To what relief
4. Whether the 2nd defendant is liable to discharge the suit claim"?
7. The parties went to trial. On behalf of the plaintiff, PW.1 to PW.4 were examined. Exs.A1 to A10 and Exs.X1 to X3 were marked. On behalf of the 2nd defendant, DW.1 to DW.3 were examined. Exs.B1 to B14, and Ex.X4 were marked.
8. On appreciation of oral and documentary evidence, the trial Court dismissed the suit filed by the plaintiff by believing the opinion of DW.3/Handwriting Expert, who gave Ex.X4/report that Ex.A1/promissory note is a forged one.
9. Against the Decree and Judgment passed by the trial Court, the plaintiff presented AS.No.11 of 2006 on the file of Principal District Judge, Nellore which was dismissed by the First Appellate Court, and confirmed the Decree and Judgment passed by the trial Court.
10. In these circumstances, the present Second Appeal is presented.
11. I have heard learned Counsel for the appellant/plaintiff Mr.Karra Srinivas, through virtual hearing. There was no representation for the 2nd respondent/2nd defendant.
12. The learned Counsel for the appellant/plaintiff would submit that the 1st defendant for medical treatment of her husband borrowed money from the plaintiff, who is no other than her brother, but failed to repay the same in spite of repeated demands, due to that the plaintiff instituted the suit, which erroneously dismissed by the trial Court, and confirmed by the Appellate Court. He would further submit that the trial Court and the App
AI
The signature of the maker of a promissory note must be proven for the presumptions under the Negotiable Instruments Act to apply; if the signature is disputed and found to be forged, the note is inv....
The courts affirmed the validity of a promissory note based on direct evidence, emphasizing that expert testimony is weak and should not override substantive evidence.
Expert opinion – Power to seek expert opinion under Section 45 of Evidence Act, 1872 is discretionary and depends on facts of each case – Courts can refuse expert opinion only when no doubt exists re....
Expert evidence should not displace substantive evidence in evaluating contractual disputes.
The court emphasized that ocular evidence, such as the testimony of witnesses, can outweigh the opinion of a handwriting expert. The court held that the plaintiff's evidence, including the validity o....
The burden of proof lies with the Plaintiff to establish the execution and validity of the promissory note, and the Court can compare signatures to determine authenticity.
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