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2020 Supreme(Kar) 1653

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
Aravind Kumar, Sachin Shankar Magadum, JJ.
Prathap - Appellant
Versus
State Of Karnataka - Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 633 of 2014, 572 of 2014, 597 of 2014, 630 of 2014
Decided On : 07-10-2020

Advocates Appeared:
Ravi B Naik, Advocate, K.B. Monesh Kumar, Advocate, Vinayaka V S, Advocate, R.S. Jeethu, Advocate, M. Naveen Kumar, Advocate, Shankarappa, Advocate, Hashmath Pasha, Advocate

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302, 201, 120-B, and 34 - Criminal appeals by accused against conviction for murder and related offences - The trial court convicted the accused based on circumstantial evidence, including motive, call details, and recovery of incriminating materials. Issues arose regarding the admissibility of evidence, reliability of eyewitness accounts, and investigation flaws. The High Court found errors in evaluating circumstantial evidence, establishing guilt beyond reasonable doubt, and deemed the evidence insufficient for conviction. (Paras 1-59)

(B) Circumstantial Evidence - Threshold for conviction - Each circumstance must point to the sole conclusion of guilt; if inconsistent with innocence, no conviction can occur. Cited case law affirms necessity for a complete chain of evidence with no alternative hypothesis. (Para 20)

Facts of the case:
The deceased, Dilip Kumar, was found murdered, leading to the arrest and conviction of several accused on grounds of conspiracy and premeditated murder. The prosecution's case involved a love triangle and a conspiracy to eliminate the deceased to avoid conflict with a marriage arrangement. (Para 1-6)

Findings of Court:
The High Court evaluated the procedural errors in the trial court’s judgment, with serious doubts raised on the chain of incriminating evidence and its admissibility. The judgment of conviction by the Sessions Court was set aside due to lack of sufficient evidence to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt.

Issues: The primary legal questions were whether the trial court properly assessed the circumstantial evidence and if the evidence was adequate to affirm the convictions.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the importance of a complete chain of circumstantial evidence directly leading to the conviction and noted critical flaws in the prosecution’s case, insisting that mere associations do not satisfy the requisite standards for conviction.

Result: Appeals allowed - the convictions and sentences set aside; all accused acquitted. (Paras 59)

Table of Content
1. conviction based on evidence of murder. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. circumstantial evidence linking accused and victim. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. defense arguments against prosecution evidence. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
4. court confirms reliance on circumstantial evidence. (Para 14 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20)
5. appeal allowed, convictions set aside. (Para 59)

JUDGMENT

Aravind Kumar, J. - These appeals have been preferred by accused Nos.1 to 5 in S.C.No.62/2013, challenging the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 30.06.2014 whereunder appellants-accused Nos.1 to 5 have been convicted for the offence punishable under Sections 3 02 and 201 read with section 120-B and Section 3 4 IPC after trial by sentencing them to life imprisonment and to pay fine of Rs.10,000/- each for the offence punishable under Section 3 02 read with Section 3 4 IPC, in default, to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year each; to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.10,000/- each for the offence punishable under Section 120-B IPC, in default, to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year each and to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 3 years and to pay fine of Rs.5,000/- each for the offence punishable under Section 201 read with Section 3 4 IPC, in default, to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six months each.

2. The gist of the prosecution case:

    Dead body of Sri Dilip Kumar who is the son of the complainant was found on 14.02.2013 lying near the bridge of Kalsapura with injuries on head and other parts of the body. It was suspected somebody had murdered said person with some motive and had thrown the dead body at the said place and a motor bike was found near the halla. On registration of complaint lodged by mother of deceased, FIR was registered and investigation was commenced. It is the case of prosecution that accused No.5 and deceased were in love and marriage of accused No.5 had been fixed with accused No.1 and on account of deceased inviting accused No.5 to marry him, she was disturbed and felt humiliated. It is also the case of prosecution that accused Nos.1 and 5 thought deceased may become hindrance after their marriage and may create problems during marriage and as such, accused Nos.1 to 4 conspired with accused No.5 to eliminate deceased Dilip Kumar. In pursuance of conspiracy between accused Nos.1 to 4, accused No.5 had called the deceased Sri Dileep Kumar on 13.02.2013 over mobile phone to meet her near Basaveshwara temple on Belur-Halebeedu road, on the pretext they can go out together for celebrating Valentines Day and pursuant to said call, deceased came near Basaveshwara temple on his motor bike and as per the conspiracy, accused Nos.1 to 4 in furtherance of their common intention had come in a Scorpio vehicle and accused No.1 got down from the said vehicle and picked up a quarrel with the deceased and assaulted Dileep Kumar on his head with a car Jack M.O.16, as a result, deceased sustained grievous head injuries and fell down. It is further alleged that accused Nos.1 to 4 had put the deceased in the Scorpio car, went near Halebeedu and also took the motor bike of the deceased and on the way, they purchased two towels from the cloth shop M/s.Panduranga Cloth Emporium, owned by P.W.4, for using the said towel to prevent blood oozing out from the head of the deceased and they had proceeded further towards Kalasapura. It is further case of the prosecution that deceased had succumbed to the said head injury and accused Nos.1 to 4 removed the dead body from the vehicle and laid it on the road near Jodisetuve and ran over the Scorpio vehicle on his head to depict the death was due to a road traffic accident and thereby attempted to destroy the evidence. It was also alleged that motorbike of the deceased was dropped in the ditch below the Jodisetuve and accused persons thereafter had disappeared from the scene of offence.

3. The mother of the deceased namely, Smt.Yashodha had lodged a complaint (typed on computer) on 14

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