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2025 Supreme(Kar) 788

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU 
ASHOK S.KINAGI, J.
Smt Shanthamma W/o Basavaraja Gowda - Appellant 
Versus 
GANAPA @ GAMAPPA, S/O SHIVAPPA - Respondent 
Regular Second Appeal No. 1177 of 2013 (INJ)
Decided on : 04-06-2025


Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :SRI. H S SURESHAPPA GOWDA., ADVOCATE
For the Respondent:SRI. VENUGOPAL M.S., ADVOCATE

The appeal was dismissed as the plaintiff failed to prove ownership or illegal encroachment, affirming the necessity for clear evidence in property disputes.

Headnote:(A) Specific Relief Act - Section 34 - Appeal challenging a decree for permanent injunction and possession of property - Plaintiff claimed ownership of ancestral property and sought removal of hut placed by defendants on the land - The trial court ruled in favor of plaintiff, but the first appellate court reversed the decision citing lack of proof of property identity and ownership - Appellant failed to demonstrate encroachment or unauthorized construction by the defendants. (Paras 2, 11, 12)

(B) Evidence - The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff to establish ownership and encroachment prior to seeking injunction - Merely presenting oral statements without documentary evidence does not suffice. (Paras 10, 11)

Facts of the case:
The suit involved an ancestral property belonging to the plaintiff, claimed to have been encroached upon unlawfully by the defendant who constructed a hut on it without rights—leading to a police complaint. The property descriptions and ownership records were disputed, especially concerning khaneshumari numbers linked to both parties. (Paras 2.1, 3.3)

Findings of Court:
The first appellate court determined that the plaintiff did not sufficiently prove her ownership or the defendants' illegal actions regarding the property of khaneshumari No.13, justifying the dismissal of the suit. (Paras 11, 12)

Issues: The court addressed whether the lower court was justified in reversing the trial court’s decree regarding ownership and encroachment. (Paras 7)

Ratio Decidendi: The appellate court found the plaintiff lacked evidence to establish ownership or to confirm unauthorized construction, thereby affirming the earlier court's dismissal of the suit. (Paras 12)

Result: The Regular Second Appeal is dismissed.

JUDGMENT :

ASHOK S.KINAGI, J.

This Regular Second Appeal is filed by the appellant, challenging the judgment and decree dated 13.02.2013, passed in R.A.No.15/2012 by the learned Civil Judge (Sr.Dn.) and JMFC, Sorab.

2. For convenience, the parties are referred to based on their rankings before the trial Court. The appellant was the plaintiff, and the respondents were the defendants.

3. Brief facts, leading rise to the filing of this appeal are as follows:

The plaintiff filed a suit for a permanent injunction and for handing over vacant possession of the suit property by removing the hut, that is illegally created on the schedule property. It is the case of the plaintiff that the suit property is ancestral property, and the same was acquired by her through her father, Puttappagowda, who had no male issues, and she has been in possession of the suit property. One Gutyamma was the wife of defendant No.1, and her father’s name was Badegondra Sainya. The said Badegondra Sanya has four daughters and no sons. They are defendant No.2 i.e., Bammi, Bangaramma, the mother of defendant No.3, defendant No.4- Kannamma and defendant No.1’s wife, Gutyamma. Gutyamma passed away, and defendant No.5 is her son, who he is her successor. After the demise of Gutyamma, Defendant No.1 married a second wife. Defendant No.3’s mother, Bangaramma, died, and defendant No.3 is her successor. After the demise of Badegondra Sanya, defendants, Nos.2 to 5, became the successors and the joint owners of the estate of their father. The property bearing Assessment No.16 situated at Khaneshumari No.1 of Amblikoppa village, belongs to the said Badegondra Sanya for which the Mandal Panchayat had entered the name of Badegondra Sanya in its khata. The suit schedule property bearing khaneshumari No.13, which measures approximately 1 acre and 24 guntas, belongs to the plaintiff as it is an ancestral property. Both these properties are distinct, and are located in different places.

3.1. During May 1994, the defendants illegally entered the eastern portion of the schedule property and put up a thatched hut measuring 17 X 19 ft. Hence, a police complaint was lodged by the plaintiff to demolish the illegal construction of the hut. To overcome the effect of police actions, defendant No.1 filed a suit in O.S.No.229/1994 , by incorrectly showing the suit schedule property as Assessment No.16, by filing a false affidavit to that effect, and had obtained an exparte temporary injunction against the plaintiff. Thereafter, the plaintiff herein, filed a written statement in the said suit. The suit was dismissed on 24.08.1996. After the disposal of the said suit, the defendants, in spite of repeated requests did not turn ups and hand over the vacant possession of the suit property by removing the hut. Hence, a cause of action arose for the plaintiff to file this instant suit.

Accordingly, prays to decree the suit.

3.2. Defendant No.1 filed a written statement denying the averments made in the plaint. It is contended that defendant No.1 is the owner and possessor of the suit property, and the area of the property measures 1 acre 24 guntas. The name of defendant No.1 appears in the demand register, and he has paid the revenue for the property. The suit schedule property consists of a residential house and a barn belonging to defendant No.1. The remaining portion is used for growing krushi crops, and pineapple crops. To the east of the said property Erappa’s land is situated, to the west kallappa’s backward, to the north: Parasappa’s backyard, to the south is Khaneshmari No.13 property. The plaintiff harassed defendant No.1 in 1994, regarding the suit schedule property. Defendant No.1 filed a suit in O.S.No.229/1994 , and injunction was granted against the plaintiff’s sister. Defendant No.1 withdrew the said suit on an understanding that the plaintiff would not disturb defendant No.1. The plaintiff was aware of the said facts, and filed a false suit to gain illegal benefit.

3.3. It is contended

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