High Court of Judicature at Bombay
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE J.H. BHATIA
Shahaji Kisan Asme & Others
Versus
Sitaram Kondi Asme since deceased by his heirs & Others
SECOND APPEAL NO.567 OF 2007 IN REG. CIVIL APPEAL NO.222 OF 1992 IN REG. CIVIL SUIT NO.215 OF 1978
Decided on : 24-09-2009
Hindu Marriage Act was enacted in 1955. Section 16 of the Hindu Marriage Act, before its amendment in 1976 provided that only those children, who were born before marriage of their parents was declared to be void, would be deemed to be legitimate for a limited purpose of inheriting the property of their parents only. By making an amendment Section 16 by Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976, the difference was tried to be done away with between the children born before the marriage was declared null and void and the children who were born after.
In view of sub-section (1) of Section 16, a child of a marriage which is null and void, who would have been legitimate if the marriage had been valid, shall be deemed to be a legitimate child. However, sub-section (3) provides that such children of null and void marriage or the marriage which is annulled by a decree of nullity under Section 12 shall not be entitled to rights in or to the property of any person other than the parents. Section 16(3) makes an important provision in respect of succession to the property of parents and, therefore, it will have to be read along with the provisions of Hindu Succession Act. In view of the provisions of Section 16 of the Hindu Marriage Act, a child of a null and void marriage is also entitled to succession to the estate of its father under Section 8 and of mother under Section 15(1)(a) of the Hindu Succession Act. However, the word "parent" connotes father or mother and the meaning of word ’parent’ cannot be extended beyond that. ’Parent’ cannot mean parents of parent or the grand-parents.
Parent’ does not mean grandparents. In view of this legal position, the plaintiff Nos. 1 to 3 and defendant No. 3 being illegitimate children of deceased Kisan can inherit the property of their parents i.e. their father alone in the present circumstances and not the estate of the parents of Kisan. In view of the legal position, Court finds no fault in the allotment of shares by the Courts below in the suit property.
Second Appeal is filed by the original plaintiffs being aggrieved by refusal of shares to them in the property of their grandparents.
2.Before dealing with the question of law raised in this Appeal, it will be useful to state the facts in brief. Defendant No.1 - Sitaram had two sons, namely, Kisan and defendant No.2 - Ramchandra. Defendant Nos.4, 5 and 6 are the daughters of Sitaram. His son Kisan died in 1968, leaving behind his first wife Bhagirathibai, who is defendant No.7, second wife Vimal, who is plaintiff No.4 and three sons, who are plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 and a daughter, who is defendant No.3. They are children from his second wife Vimal. The plaintiffs i.e. the sons and the second wife of Kisan, filed Regular Civil Suit No.215 of 1978 seeking partition and separate possession of the joint family property. According to them, defendant no.2 Ramchandra was given in adoption to one Gangaram Pawar and, therefore, he did not have any right, title or interest in the suit properties which are ancestral and join family properties in the hands of Sitaram and other members of the joint family. The defendant No.2, who is the main contesting defendant, denied that he was given in adoption. According to him, said Gangaram Pawar is his maternal grandfather and therefore he could not have been lawfully given in adoption to said Gangaram Pawar. He also contended that some of the suit properties are his self-acquired property and his father Sitaram had bequeathed his share in the remaining property to him under a Will. He also contended that the plaintiff No.4 was not lawfully wedded wife of Kisan and the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 and defendant No.3 are not the legitimate children of Kisan. Therefore, they cannot claim any share in the ancestral property of the joint family.
3.Several issues were framed by the trial Court. After hearing the evidence led by the parties, the trial Court came to conclusion that plaintiff No.4 Vimal was not lawfully wedded wife of Kishan because his first marriage with defendant no.7 Bhagirathibai was subsisting when he married plaintiff No.4. As a result of this, plaintiff No.4 could not claim any share in the property and the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 and defendant No.3 being the illegitimate children of deceased Sitaram and plaintiff No.4 Vimal, they can claim share only in the share of deceased Kisan, but not in the joint family property. The trial Court also held that the plaintiffs had failed to prove that defendant No.2 was given in adoption. The trial Court held that the defendant no.1 had bequeathed his estate in favour of defendant No.2 by Will. The claim of defendant No.2 that some properties were self-acquired was also accepted. The trial Court came to conclusion that in the notional partition of the joint family property, on death of Kisan in 1968, his 1/4th share would be inherited by succession by the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 and defendant Nos.3 and 7, his mother Draupadabai. Accordingly, the trial Court granted 1/24th share in the property to each of the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 and defendant No.3.Draupadabai, wife of defendant No.1 and mother of deceased Kisan and defendant No.2 Ramchandra, died in 1976. However, the trial Court held that the plaintiff Nos.1 to 3 and defendant No.3, being it legitimate children of Kisan, cannot get any share in the estate of their grandmother Draupadabai on her death.
4.Being not satisfied with the judgment and decree passed by the trial Court, the plaintiffs preferred Regular Civil Appeal No.222 of 1992. Pending the appeal, defendant No.1 also died. The first appellate Court upheld the findings of the trial Court to the effect that defendant No.4 is not legally wedded wife of deceased Kisan and that the defendant No.2 was not given in adoption. However, the appellate Court held that none of the properties was self-acquired property of defendant No.2 and that the defendant No.1 had not bequeathed his share in the property to defendant No.2. Thus, whole of the proper
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