2011(3) ALL MR 315
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY (PANAJI BENCH)
N. A. BRITTO, J.
Mrs. Maria Julieta D'Souza & Ors.
Vs.
The Government of Goa, through the Chief Secretary
First Appeal No.282 of 2007
Decided on: 21st October, 2010.
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Section 9-Evidence Act, 1872, Section 110-Suit for declaration of owner-ship-Defendant-Government having only survey record as evidence of title-No sale-deed in favour of Government-Documentary evidence on record showing plaintiffs in peaceful possession of property for long time-Possession being proof of better title, suit for declaration of ownership deserves to be decreed.-The defendant did not at all explain as to how a property which under the old survey was recorded in the name of a private party under cadastral survey came to be recorded in the new survey in the name of the Government without there having been any acquisition or transfer of the property in favour of the Government. Admittedly, it is not the case of the Government that a notice was issued to any of the plaintiff at the time of preparation of new survey, and the Government has relied only on public notice issued by the City Survey Inquiry Officer. Therefore, the documents produced by the plaintiff and the circumstances proved would show that be plaintiff are in possession of the property "VITES" having cadastral survey No. 1046 as identified by the Commissioner on the plan prepared by him, and in any event the documents produced by the plaintiffs would displace the presumption which would arise from the fact that the entire Chalta No. 4-B of P.T. Sheet No. 85 was surveyed in the name of the Government. Peaceful settled possession, is itself evidence of title, in the absence of proof of better title is a principle which has been laid down by the Privy Council, followed by the Division Bench of the Court in Fakirbhai Bhagwandas v. Maganlal Haribhai and another, AIR 1951 Bom 380, and which has been accepted by the Apex Court by a Bench of three Judges in Rame Gowda v. M. Varadappa Naidu, 2004 AIR SCW 4205 and followed by the Court in another unreported judgment in Second Appeal No. 4 of 1995 in the case of Shripad D. Naik v. Develaya of Goa Vita. In Chief Conservator of Forests v. Collector and others (supra) the Apex Court also referred to certain observation of that Court in Nair Service Society, AIR 1968 SC 1165, as they are as follows :-
"The possession may prima facie raise a presumption of title no one can deny but this presumption can hardly arise when facts are known. When facts disclose no title, possession alone decides."
As against the documentary evidence produced by the plaintiffs to support their case of possession, the defendants had produced nothing except Form D of the survey records which recorded Chalta No. 4-B in the name of the defendant and besides that no evidence of any other acts of possession was produced by the defendant. In these circumstances, the trial Court ought to have answered Issue No. 1 in favour of the plaintiffs and against the defendant, which High Court hereby does.
1. Heard Shri. V. B. Nadkarni, learned Senior Counsel on behalf of the Appellants and Shri. G. Shirodkar, learned Government Advocate on behalf of the Respondent.
2. This appeal is directed against Judgment dated 25-7-2007 of the learned District Judge, Panaji, by which the suit filed by the Appellants for declaration and a consequential relief has been dismissed.
3. The parties hereto shall herein after be referred to in the names as they appear in the cause title of the said Civil Suit.
4. The case of the plaintiffs, in brief, was that there was a large property known as "VITES" having land registration No.5386 and cadastral survey No.1046 prepared by the Government in the year 1904 to 1905 which was bounded on the north by the property of the Government, and which originally belonged to Joaquim Thomas Xavier de Rego and others, and was hilly land. According to the plaintiffs, Domingos Caetano de Souza, father of plaintiff No.1 had purchased the said entire property from the Rego family more than 70 years back and had paid the entire price due to them but the sale deed remained without being executed but the said Domingos Caetano de Souza had taken exclusive possession of the same, over 70 years back, and he was in continuous possession and enjoyment of the same for over 70 years publicly and as a matter of right as owner thereof and had planted cashew trees, mango trees, cocum (brindao) trees and appropriated its produce without any disturbance whatsoever and the said property was enclosed by boundary wall which was several decades old. According to the plaintiffs, the said Domingos Caetano de Souza was the father of plaintiff No.1 and of late Manuel Antonio Teotonio Francisco Perpetua Sucorro de Souza @ Manuel D'Sozua and the said Manuel Antonio Teotonio Francisco Perpetua Sucorro de Souza expired on 14-10-1996 leaving behind plaintiff No.2 as his widow and plaintiff Nos.3 and 4 as the sole and universal heirs.
5. The plaintiffs further claimed that after the death of Domingos Caetano D'Souza, plaintiff No.1 who lived in the immediate neighbourhood of the suit land took care of the property and planted a great number of trees thereon such as cashew trees, mango trees, cocum trees and enjoyed the fruits of the same as well as of the trees earlier planted by the father, as aforesaid, continuously, over the years and plaintiff No. 1 also cut down a number of trees and appropriated its produce. On the cadastral survey plan, the names of the owners of the said land in actual possession are indicated and the suit land is separated from other lands by boundary walls which earlier the father of plaintiff No.1 and after his death plaintiff No. 1 has carefully kept and maintained over the years but in the recent survey conducted by the Government a sizable portion of the said property of plaintiff No.1 has wrongly been shown as Government land and the said portion has been shown as part of Chalta No.4-B which lies entirely within the boundaries of the property bearing registration No.5386 which belonged to the Rego family, and with which the Government had nothing to do. The plaintiffs claimed that the plaintiffs were in possession of the said land without disturbance from anyone whatsoever, peacefully, publicly and continuously as of right for the last over 30 years and prior to that, the father of plaintiff No.1 held the same as his own. The plaintiffs claimed that1he portion of Chalta No.4-B in possession of the plaintiffs was marked in red on the plan annexed to the plaint and it admeasured about 6100 sq. meters, and the rest area of Chalta No.4-B admeasured 20,000 sq. meters which does not belong to the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs claimed that the road was widened and the land acquisition proceedings were instituted and a strip of land from Chalta No.19A and a strip from Chalta No.4-B was acquired for the purpose of road widening, and the compensation was paid to plaintiff No.1 both in respect of the strip to the west of Cha
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