IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY AT AURANGABAD BENCH
AVINASH G. GHAROTE, J.
Tanaji - Appellant
Versus
State of Maharashtra - Respondent
Second Appeal No. 559 of 2012; Civil Application No. 10768 of 2011, 183 of 2014
Decided On : 30-09-2019
Adverse Possession - Property Dispute - Order 6 Rule 2, Order 6 Rule 4, Order 6 Rule 6, Order 6 Rule 7, Order 6 Rule 8, Order 6 Rule 9, Order 6 Rule 10, Order 6 Rule 11, Order 6 Rule 12 - The court discussed the importance of proper and precise pleadings, the requirements for stating material facts, and the necessity of particulars in cases of misrepresentation, fraud, breach of trust, wilful default, or undue influence. The judgment emphasized the need for specific and precise pleadings, and the consequences of evasive or non-specific denial. The court also highlighted the essential elements for establishing a plea of adverse possession, including the requirement to demonstrate the point of time when possession became adverse, the knowledge of the owner, and the absence of action by the owner for the statutory period as contemplated by Article 65 of the Limitation Act. The judgment emphasized the importance of animus possidendi and the necessity of demonstrating hostile assertion of title to the knowledge of the rightful owner.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff claimed ownership of a property through adverse possession, alleging continuous possession for over 50 years. The defendants opposed the claim, stating that the possession was temporary and not adverse. The trial court and the appellate court dismissed the suit, finding that the plaintiff failed to establish adverse possession.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the plaintiff's pleadings fell short of the requirements of law for establishing adverse possession. The court emphasized the importance of proper and precise pleadings, and highlighted the absence of essential elements necessary for pleading adverse possession, such as the starting point of limitation and the hostile assertion of title to the knowledge of the defendants.
Issues: The issues revolved around the sufficiency of the plaintiff's pleadings to establish adverse possession, the absence of essential elements necessary for pleading adverse possession, and the failure to demonstrate the point of time when possession became adverse to the defendants.
Ratio Decidendi: The judgment emphasized the importance of specific and precise pleadings, the necessity of demonstrating animus possidendi, and the requirement to establish the starting point of limitation for adverse possession. It highlighted the consequences of evasive or non-specific denial and reiterated the essential elements for establishing a plea of adverse possession.
Final Decision: The second appeal was dismissed as devoid of merit, as the plaintiff failed to plead the basic ingredients necessary for establishing a plea of adverse possession. The court found no question of law, much less a substantial one, and accordingly dismissed the appeal.
JUDGMENT :
AVINASH G GHAROTE, J.
1. For the sake of convenience, the parties are being referred to as they were before the Trial Court.
2. This second appeal is filed by the original plaintiff challenging the judgment and decree dated 6th July 2006 passed by the learned Civil Judge (Senior Division), Shrigonda, in Reg. civil suit No. 23 of 2004, whereby the learned Trial Court has dismissed the suit as filed by the plaintiff claiming a declaration that the plaintiff was the owner of the suit property and perpetual injunction restraining the defendants from obstructing his possession over the same, which dismissal has been confirmed by the learned first Appellate Court, vide judgment and decree dated 22nd March, 2011.
3. It is the case of the plaintiff that the area admeasuring 2 hectares out of Gat No. 327 situated at village Ruikhel Tal. Shrigonda Dist. Ahmednagar, was received by his father in the year 1945-46 for cultivation under document styled as "Eksalina Karar", since which date his father and after him, the plaintiff is in cultivating possession of the same. It is averred that initially, the land was 10 acres, however, in the year 1967 area of 5 acres was taken away for percolation tank. It is averred that the remaining land of 5 acres is in cultivating possession of the plaintiff, which he has developed, which is demonstrable by the entry in 7/12 extract, wherein the name of the plaintiff is recorded. It is further averred that the plaintiff is in possession of the suit property since last more than 50 years and because of his continuous possession, he has become the owner of the suit property. Since the defendants were trying to disturb his possession, a suit for declaration claiming that the plaintiff had become the owner of the suit property and perpetual injunction against the defendants from obstructing his possession over the same, was filed.
4. The suit was opposed by the defendants, by filing of written statement by defendant No.3, whereby it was contended that the suit property was not given to the plaintiff's father permanently, but was only temporarily permitted to be used under the document styled as "Eksalina Karar". It was, thus, contended that the occupation of the plaintiff and before him that of his father, could at the most be said to be that of a person holding over and definitely not adverse. It was submitted that the land has been given to the Forest Department and as per the directions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Writ Petition No. 202 of 1995, all unauthorized occupants in forest land needed to be removed.
5. The plaintiff examined himself and two more witnesses. The documentary evidence consists of 7/12 extracts from 1945-46 upto 2005 as well as tax receipts. The learned Trial Court upon a consideration of the evidence and the documents before him, found that the plea of the plaintiff, of having become owner by way of adverse possession of the suit land, was not established and, thus, dismissed the suit. The Appellate Court by its judgment dated 22/03/2011 has followed suit.
6. It is vehemently contended by learned Counsel Mr.Kuldip S. Patil for the appellant/plaintiff, that both the judgments suffer from non-application of mind to the admitted position on record and overlooked the continuous possession of the plaintiff over the suit property, which is reflected from the documents on record, namely, the 7/12 extracts at Exh. 35 to 38, which has resulted in miscarriage of justice. He further submitted that the Courts below have ignored the evidence on record and their reasoning is based upon a misreading of the evidence led before the Trial Court and, therefore, is perverse. He further submits that evidence as to his longstanding possession has been ignored and, thus, the judgments of the Courts below, call for interference at the hands of this Court. He, therefore, submits that a substantial question of law, as urged by him, arises for consideration and is needed to be framed and decided. He place
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