IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
N.J. Jamadar, J.
Mr. Sanjay Damodar Kale, - Appellant
Versus
Ms. Kalyani Sanjay Kale - Respondent
Criminal Revision Application No. 164 of 2019
Decided On : 26-05-2020
Maintenance - Divorce - Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 - Section 125 - 125(4) - 125(1)(a) - 125(1)(ia) - Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 - Section 12(1)(a) - Section 13(1)(ia) - [125(4), 125(1)(a), 125(1)(ia), 12(1)(a), 13(1)(ia)] - The court discussed the provisions of Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 and the relevant sections of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, including 125(4), 125(1)(a), 125(1)(ia), 12(1)(a), and 13(1)(ia), and their interpretations in the context of maintenance claims by a divorced wife. The court emphasized the statutory obligation of the husband to provide maintenance to the divorced wife and the inapplicability of an agreement not to claim maintenance, which is opposed to public policy. The court also highlighted the legal principle that a divorced wife, who has not remarried, is entitled to maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. The judgment reflects the court's reliance on legal provisions and their interpretations to reach its decision.
Fact of the Case:
The Applicant sought maintenance from the Respondent-husband under section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, claiming that the Respondent had refused or neglected to maintain her. The Respondent contested the claim, arguing that the Applicant had voluntarily relinquished her right to maintenance when the decree of divorce by mutual consent was passed. The court analyzed the circumstances of the divorce, the parties' financial situations, and the Applicant's ability to maintain herself.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the Respondent had refused or neglected to maintain the Applicant and that the Applicant was unable to maintain herself. The court also determined that the Applicant was entitled to maintenance despite carrying on a business and earning some income. The court modified the maintenance amount to Rs. 12,000 per month from the date of the Petition.
Issues: The issues revolved around the refusal or neglect of the Respondent to maintain the Applicant, the Applicant's ability to maintain herself, and the applicability of an agreement not to claim maintenance.
Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision was based on the statutory obligation of the husband to provide maintenance to the divorced wife, the inapplicability of an agreement not to claim maintenance, and the entitlement of a divorced wife to maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973.
Final Decision: The Revision Application was partly allowed, and the impugned order was modified to award maintenance to the Applicant at the rate of Rs. 12,000 per month from the date of the Petition.
ORDER
1. The challenge in this Revision Application is to the judgment and order dated 7 th February, 2019 passed by Judge, Family Court No. 2, Pune in Petition No.E-102 of 2016, whereby the learned Judge was persuaded to order payment of an amount of Rs.15,000/- per month to the Respondent-wife from the date of application and an amount of Rs.7,000/- as cost of litigation under section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 ("the Code").
2. For the sake of convenience and clarity, the parties are hereinafter referred to in the capacity in which they were arraigned before the learned Judge, Family Court.
3. Shorn of the necessary details the background facts leading to this Application can be stated as under:
The marriage of the Applicant was solemnized with the Respondent on 12 th November, 1997 in accordance with Hindu religious rites and ceremonies. The Applicant claimed, since inception of marital life the Respondent treated the Applicant with extreme cruelty. The Applicant was subjected to harassment inorder to coerce her to meet unlawful demands. The Respondent had dropped the Applicant at her parental home at Satara in the month of January, 1999. Despite repeated assurances the Respondent did not come to fetch back the Applicant to her marital home. Ultimately with the intervention of police the Applicant was allowed to enter her matrimonial home at Mahatma Society, Pune. Thereafter the Respondent and Applicant moved out of the matrimonial home and started to reside separately from the in-laws of the Applicant, at Karve Nagar, Pune. Subsequently, the Applicant and Respondent shifted to an apartment at Sinhgad Road, Pune.
In the month of April, 2007 the Respondent expressed his desire to obtain divorce from the Applicant. When the Applicant remonstrated, the Respondent ill-treated her. In order to avoid harassment at the hands of the Respondent the Applicant signed the documents for presenting a Petition for obtaining divorce by mutual consent as the Respondent had assured the Applicant that he would continue to maintain the marital relationship with her despite a paper decree of divorce. Accordingly, a decree of divorce by mutual consent was obtained on 25 th October, 2007. Despite, the decree of dissolution of marriage, the Respondent continued to visit the Applicant at her apartment at Singhgad road and had marital relations as well.
4. From the month of September, 2012 the Respondent stopped the visits to the house of the Applicant. The Respondent had not made any provision for the maintenance and livelihood of the Applicant. The Applicant has no source of income. The Applicant could sustain herself on the financial support of her father. In contrast, the Respondent has sufficient means. The Respondent deals in a thriving business under the name and style "P.C.Care". The Respondent owns a huge bungalow at Mahatma Society and another plot of land at Budhwar Peth, Pune. The Respondent also owns an office premises admeasuring 400 sq.ft. at Shaniwar Peth, Pune. Despite having sumptuous income the Respondent refused and neglected to provide for the necessities of life of the Applicant. Hence, the Applicant was constrained to prefer the application for award of maintenance at the rate of Rs.50,000/- per month, under section 125 of the Code.
5. The Respondent appeared and resisted the claim by filing written statement. The Respondent controverted the allegations that the Applicant was subjected to ill-treatment. In contrast, according to the Respondent, the Applicant was suffering from psychological illness and thus the marriage could not be consummated. At the instance of the Respondent, the Applicant availed treatment from leading sexologists yet there was no improvement in the psychological condition of the Applicant. As the marriage could not be consummated on account of the psychological problems, which the Applicant suffered from, the Respondent had filed a Petition under section 12(1)(a) and section 13(1)(ia) of
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