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2026 Supreme(Bom) 249

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
FIRDOSH P. POONIWALLA, J.
In the matter between 
Shishir Balkrishna Nevatia - Plaintiff 
Versus  
Dileep Balkrishna Nevatia and Ors. – Defendants
Interim Application (L) No.32712 of 2023 In Suit No.630 of 2015
Decided On : 08-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Plaintiff :Mr.Rohan Sawant with Mr.Gourav Shetye i/b M/s.Bali Associates, Advocates, Mr.Dileep Nevatia, party-in-person
For the Defendants :Mr.Ranjan Solanki a/w Mr.Santosh Jadhav i/b Ms.Preeti Shah, Advocates, Ms.Neeta Jain a/w Mr.Avinash Joshi, Advocate, Mr.Swayam S. Chopda, OSD

Administration suits governed by Limitation Act Art 106 (12 years from legacy payable, post one-year from death); plaint not rejectable under CPC O VII R11 if main reliefs timely, as rejection must be entire plaint.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order VII Rule 11 - Limitation Act, 1963 - Article 106 - Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Section 337 - Administration suit seeking probate/administration of deceased parents' estates, intestate distribution, declarations of estate properties, mandatory injunction for handover, damages for intermeddling - Application to reject plaint as barred by limitation/abuse of process - Held, administration suit governed by 12-year limitation from when legacy/share payable/deliverable (one year post-death); suit filed within time post-deaths (2005/2011) - Plaint not rejectable if main reliefs within limitation, as rejection must be whole/not partial (Paras 36-41, 44).

(B) Order VII Rule 11 - Plaint rejection only as whole or not at all; impermissible qua part/reliefs/properties/defendants (Paras 34-35).

(C) Abuse of process - Prior suits by deceased on different causes (e.g., document cancellation/eviction) not bar to heirs' administration suit; substantive suit needed for protective reliefs alongside testamentary petition (Paras 57-59).

Facts of the case:
Plaintiff filed suit for administration/distribution of deceased parents' estates alleging intermeddling by defendants. Defendant No.1 filed interim application under Order VII Rule 11 claiming suit barred by limitation (cause from 1990s) and abuse via prior litigations by deceased. Plaintiff opposed, contending administration suit, recent knowledge, different causes.

Findings of Court:
Interim application rejected; no order as to costs.

Issues: Whether plaint discloses suit barred by limitation (Arts 58/65 vs 106); whether prior suits constitute abuse; whether rejection possible in part.

Ratio Decidendi: Suit essentially administration; Art 106 applies to probate/administration/intestacy reliefs, within 12 years +1 post-death; main reliefs timely hence plaint survives wholly; limitation not decided on disputed facts/external material; no abuse as different parties/causes.

Result: Interim Application rejected.

Table of Content
1. suit prays for estate administration and partition. (Para 1 , 2)
2. suit barred by limitation under articles 58, 65. (Para 3 , 13)
3. cause of action arose in 1990-2000 per plaint. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
4. administration suit limitation case-specific; no straitjacket formula. (Para 14 , 32)
5. knowledge of intermeddling recent; different prior suits. (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
6. plaint rejected wholly under order vii rule 11. (Para 33 , 34 , 35)
7. article 106 applies: 12 years for administration suits. (Para 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41)
8. defendant's precedents distinguishable on facts. (Para 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56)
9. no abuse: different causes, parties in prior suits. (Para 57 , 58 , 59)
10. interim application rejected; suit proceeds. (Para 60)

JUDGMENT :

FIRDOSH P. POONIWALLA, J.

1. The present Suit is filed seeking the following final reliefs:

“(a) That it be declared that the estate of the Late Mother is liable to administered and distributed by the Defendant nos. 8 and 9 on obtaining the probate of her last Will and Testament dated 17th June 2009 in accordance with the terms thereof.

(b) In the alternative to prayer (a) above and only if the aforesaid will of the late Mother is not proved or probated then a fit and appropriate person be appointed as administrator of the estate of the Late mother with all powers to gather/ recover the properties forming part of the estate and to partition / sell the same and thereafter distribute the same in equal shares amongst Plaintiff and Defendant Nos. 1, 5 to 7 on the basis of intestacy.

(c) a fit and appropriate person be appointed as administrator of the estate of the Late Father with all powers to gather/ recover the properties forming part of the estate and to partition / sell the same and thereafter distribute the same in equal shares amongst Plaintiff and Defendant Nos. 1. 5 to 7 on the basis of intestacy.

(d) declare that properties listed at Exhibits "D-1" to "D-7" and "D-8" and / or “D-1 to D-7” such other properties as maybe determined by this Hon'ble Court constitute the estate of the Late mother.

(e) declare that properties listed at Exhibits "D-1" to "D-7" and "D-8" and / or “D-1 to D-7"such other properties as maybe determined by this Hon'ble Court constitute the estate of the Late Father;

(f) the Defendant Nos. 1 to 4 be directed by an order and mandatory injunction to hand over the entire estate and/or such properties as may form part of the estates of the late mother and late father which are inter alia in their possession, custody or control including those set out in Exhibits "D-1" to "D-7" and "D-8" and / or “D-1 to D-7" and Exhibit “E” to the Plaint to Defendant Nos. 8 and 9 and/or any persons appointed as Administrators by this Hon'ble court as the case maybe, for the purposes of administrating the estates of the late mother and late father.

(g) the Defendants be ordered and decreed to pay to the other heirs of the deceased parents in proportion to such ratios as maybe determined as aforesaid, a sum of Rs.86.11 Crores with interest thereon as losses caused to them on account of the aforesaid the acts of the Defendant nos. 1 to 4 of intermeddling with the estates of the late Mother and late Father, seeking to appropriate /appropriating the same to themselves/ fraudulently disposing of the same and appropriating the sale proceeds as per the particulars set out in Exhibit."L" hereto.”

2. The present Interim Application has been filed by Defendant No.1 under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as “the CPC”) seeking the following reliefs:

“(a) That this Hon’ble Court be pleased to dismiss the instant Suit as filed being barred by limitation;

(b)That this Hon’ble Court be pleased to dismiss the instant Suit as filed being as abuse of the process of this Hon’ble Court for litigating the same issue different Courts through different proceedings.”

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