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2026 Supreme(Bom) 274

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY NAGPUR BENCH, NAGPUR
ANIL L. PANSARE, NIVEDITA P. MEHTA, JJ.
Jaswantsingh, S/o Udaysingh Chavan – Appellant 
Versus
The State of Maharashtra – Respondent 
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 738 OF 2018
Decided On : 16-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. A.S. Mardikar, Senior Counsel a/b. Mr. P.V. Navlani, Counsel
For the Respondent: Mr. Avinash Gupta, Senior Counsel/Special P.P. a/b. Mr. A.B. Badar, Addl.P.P.

Murder conviction upheld on eye-witness testimony of coordinated sharp weapon and firearm assault, corroborated by medical/ballistic evidence and circumstances; weapon recovery under Evidence Act Section 27 valid sans detailed concealment description if discovery follows information.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302/34 and 120-B - Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 27 - Murder conviction - Homicidal death proved by post-mortem revealing deep incised neck wound and firearm chest injury sufficient to cause death - Eye-witness testimony of chopped assault to neck followed by gunshot reliable despite delay in reporting attributable to fear of influential co-accused - Chance witnesses on public road not improbable; presence explained by visit to village for fodder and plot inquiry - Recovery of sharp weapon at appellant's instance admissible notwithstanding absence of detailed concealment description in memorandum, as discovery directly consequent to information given in custody satisfying doctrine of confirmation by subsequent event - Ballistic opinion linking cartridge case to seized pistol; vehicle with blood stains and firearms recovered - Unexplained abscondence relevant circumstance - Coordinated use of weapons at secluded spot, last seen evidence, post-incident conduct indicate common intention and conspiracy. (Paras 10-18, 19-30, 31-42, 43-52)

(B) Witnesses - Chance witnesses - Testimony not discardable solely as chance if presence natural in public place and version corroborated by medical/ballistic evidence; delay in disclosure and non-immediate reporting to police not fatal where explained by fear. (Paras 20-30)

(C) Criminal Conspiracy - Proof - Inferable from circumstances like joint presence with deceased at secluded spot armed with lethal weapons, sequential assault on vital parts, vehicle usage and concealment, abscondence by both accused post-offence. (Paras 43-52)

Facts of the case:
Deceased left construction site with co-accused in vehicle to view field; eye-witnesses saw appellant inflict chopped neck wound and co-accused fire gunshot while vehicle parked nearby; body discovered with incised/chopped wounds and gunshot entry/exit; vehicle, firearms, cartridge case seized; sharp weapon recovered per appellant's disclosure; appellant absent from duty around incident date.

Findings of Court:
Death homicidal; eye-witnesses credible; circumstances form complete chain unerringly pointing to guilt; appellant acted with common intention pursuant to conspiracy.

Issues: Whether death homicidal; whether prosecution circumstances form complete chain against appellant; whether common intention and conspiracy proved; whether interference in trial court conviction warranted.

Ratio Decidendi: Reliable ocular evidence of two eye-witnesses, consistent on material aspects and fortified by medical/ballistic findings, recoveries and conduct evidence, proves guilt beyond doubt; Section 27 recovery valid if fact discovered from custodial information regardless of disclosure detail; chance witness evidence acceptable post scrutiny if probable and trustworthy.

Result: Appeal dismissed; conviction and life imprisonment with fine under Sections 302/34 and 120-B confirmed.

Table of Content
1. prosecution case: mall dispute leads to murder. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. trial court upholds conviction on evidence. (Para 5)
3. parties argue eye-witness and recovery credibility. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
4. homicidal death proved by medical evidence. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
5. chance witnesses reliable if corroborated naturally. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)
6. circumstances form complete guilt chain. (Para 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42)
7. common intention, conspiracy by coordinated assault. (Para 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52)
8. conviction under 302/34, 120b confirmed. (Para 53 , 54 , 55)

JUDGMENT :

NIVEDITA P. MEHTA, J.

This appeal is directed against the judgment and order dated 27.09.2018 passed by the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Akola in Sessions Trial No. 35 of 2016. By the said judgment, the present appellant, original Accused No.3 – Jaswantsingh Udaysingh Chavan, has been convicted for the offences punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (for short, “IPC”) and Section 120-B of the IPC. He has been sentenced to suffer imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.20,000/-, in default to suffer further rigorous imprisonment for one year for the offence under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. He has also been sentenced to suffer imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to suffer rigorous imprisonment for one year for the offence under Section 120-B of the IPC. Both sentences are directed to run concurrently.

2. The prosecution case, in brief, is that deceased Kishor Madanlal Khatri was engaged in property and real estate business and had business dealings with several builders in the city, including Accused No.2 – Ranjitsingh Chungde, resident of Rajputpura, Akola. A mall was under construction on land owned by Accused No.2 behind City Kotwali Police Station, Akola. The deceased had acted as a mediator in the disputes that had arisen among the builders involved in the said construction. An agreement had been entered into between him and the developers of Balaji Mall at Akola for facilitating sale of shops in the said mall.

3. On 03.11.2015 at about 12:00 noon, the deceased had been called to Balaji Mall, by Delhi-based traders Khushwaji and Vikratji. At about 1:00 p.m., the deceased, the said traders and Accused No.2 discussed the proposed date of inauguration of the mall. Thereafter, Accused No.2 went home and returned to the mall in a white Tata Safari vehicle bearing registration No. MH-30/P-3040. The deceased left the mall along with Accused No.2 in the said vehicle towards Somthana Shivar to see a field. It is further stated that when the deceased did not return, phone calls were made to him. Later in the afternoon, information was received that a dead body was found near Somthana. The body was identified as that of Kishor Khatri.

4. On the basis of the oral report lodged by PW8 – Dilip Khatri, Crime No. 169 of 2015 came to be registered at Old City Police Station, Akola for the offences punishable under Sections 302 of the IPC. During the course of investigation, the Investigating Officer visited the spot and prepared the spot and inquest panchnamas. Blood-stained soil, simple soil, broken pieces of rope and the mobile phone of the deceased were seized. On the same day, the Tata Safari vehicle bearing No. MH-30/P-3040, allegedly used in the commission of the offence, was found at the farm house of Accused No.2 and was seized along with two firearms and live cartridges. The post-mortem examination of the deceased was conducted. Subsequently, the present appellant came to be arrested. At his instance, a knife (Kukari) and certain clothes were seized under memorandum and recovery panchnamas. Statements of witnesses came to be recorded. Call Detail Records were also collected. Upon completion of investigation, charge-sheet came to be f

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