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1993 Supreme(Pat) 110

PATNA HIGH COURT
B.N.Agrawal and Gurusharan Sharma JJ.
Awadh Kishore Singh
Versus
Brij Bihari Singh
Civil Revision No. 140 of 1990 ;
Decided On : MARCH 12, 1993

Headnote:Code of Civil Procedure, 1976, Sec. 115 - "case decided" - effect of after amendment and explanation added to sub-sec. (2) of sec. 115 - trial court refusing to examine one of the defendants to the suit on the ground that no order wm passed on the written statement filed by him - propriety of order - maintainability of revision challenged that the order was not a case decided within meaning of sec. 115 - in amended sub-sec. (2) an explanation has been brought by which any case which has been decided has been defined - the definition is inclusive and not exclusive - according to the explanation an order made in course of a suit or other proceeding will come within the sweep of expression case decided - case laws discussed - preliminary objection raised is devoid of any substance and held that the theory of case decided no longer hold the field after amendment - for interference with an order in exercise of revisional jurisdiction three conditions must be fulfilled namely (i) it comes within any of three clause of sub-sec. (1), (ii) against the order no appeal is provided, and (iii) order if it had been made in favour of party applying for revision would finally dispose of the suit or other proceeding or if the order is allowed to stand it would occasion failure of justice or cause irreperable injury -trial court committed material irregularity in debarring the plaintiffs from examining the defendant - the order suffers from jurisdictional error and if the same is allowed to stand it would occasion failure of justice and cause irreporable injury. - 1980 PLJR 146, 1985 PLJR 26, AIR 1978 Cal 264, AIR 1986 Del 286, AIR 1978 Ori 179 & AIR 1992 A.P. 300 ref & relied, 1984 BLJR 159, 1989 PLJR 584, AIR 1978 All 260, AIR 1979 Punj & Hor. 76, AIR 1976 SC 47, AIR 1970 SC 1002 & C.R. 1525/89 disposed on 3.3.71 dist., AIR 1972 Pat 499, AIR 1964 SC 497 & AIR 1970 SC 406 held no longer hold, the field after amendment. (Paras 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16 & 18)

       Interpretation of Statutes - Legislature does not use redundant words in a statute. (para 7)

Judgement Key Points
  • Revision application directed against trial court's order debaring plaintiffs from examining defendant No. 2 as their witness due to no order accepting his written statement. [8000086360001] (!)
  • Plaintiffs filed partition suit; defendants 1-5 contested; defendant No. 2 filed written statement but no acceptance order; plaintiffs sought to examine him as PW 18, objection upheld by trial court. [8000086360001]
  • Case referred to Division Bench by Single Judge order dated 24-6-1991. [8000086360002]
  • Preliminary objection on maintainability: impugned order not a "case decided" under S.115 CPC; countered by amendment effect via 1976 Act expanding scope via explanation to S.115(2). [8000086360003]
  • Post-amendment S.115(1) allows High Court revision if jurisdiction error, no appeal lies, and order meets proviso conditions: final disposal if reversed or causes failure of justice/irreparable injury if stands. (!) (!) (!)
  • Explanation to S.115(2) inclusively defines "case decided" to cover any order or order deciding issue in suit/proceeding; legislature avoids redundant words, so all orders qualify post-amendment. (!)
  • Pre-amendment "case decided" theory (final determination) no longer applies; every order in suit now revisable subject to conditions. (!)
  • Three conditions for revision interference: falls under S.115(1)(a)-(c), no appeal provided, and proviso (a) or (b) satisfied. (!)
  • Trial court materially irregular in debarring plaintiffs from examining defendant as witness; no provision bars examining adversary regardless of their written statement status. (!)
  • Plaintiff may examine any witness, including defendant, irrespective of defendant's participation or written statement acceptance. (!) (!)
  • Impugned order causes jurisdictional error, failure of justice, irreparable injury; revision allowed, order set aside, trial court to permit examination. (!) (!)
  • Costs: parties bear own. (!)
  • Concurring opinion. (!) (!)

Judgment

B.N.AGRAWAL, J.

1. This revision application is directed against the impugned order by which the plaintiffs have been debarred from examining defendant No. 2 Brijbihari Prasad Singh as a witness on their behalf on the sole ground that no order was passed for acceptance of the written statement filed by defendant No. 2.

2. The short facts for disposal of this civil revision application are that the plaintiffs filed a suit for partition against the defendants in which defendants 1 to 5 filed written statement contesting the claim for partition. Defendant No. 2 entered appearance in the suit on 14-8-1984 and filed written statement but the petition for acceptance of his written statement was not moved at any point of time and, consequently, no order could be passed thereupon. In the suit, pursuant to the direction of this Court, the contesting defendants led evidence first. Thereafter, the plaintiffs started examining their witnesses and on 13-12-1989 they wanted to examine defendant No. 2 as P.W. 18 on their behalf and when his examination-in-chief was going on, at objection was raised on behalf of the contesting defendants that this witness cannot be allowed to be examined on behalf of the plaintiffs in view of the fact that no order was passed accepting the written statement filed on behalf of this defendant. The said objection has been upheld by trial court under the impugned order and the plaintiffs have been disallowed to examine defendant No. 2 as witness on their behalf. Hence the plaintiffs have moved this Court by filing the present revision application.

3. This revision application was placed for hearing before a learned Single Judge of this Court who by order dated 24-6-1991 directed that the case be placed for hearing before a Division Beach and accordingly, this application has been placed before us.

4. Shri Sudhir Chandra Ghosh, learned Senior Advocate, appearing on behalf of the opposite parties, raised a preliminary objection in regard to maintainability of the revision application on the ground that the impugned order does not case within the ambit of the expression case decided as postulated under S. 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter referred to as the Code). On the other hand, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioners contended that after amendment in the Code by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1976 (Central Act 104 of 1976) which came into force on 1-2-1977, every order passed by a Court would come within the expression case decided especially in view of the explanation added to Sub-sec. (2) of S. 115 of the Code. In view of this, it is necessary first to decide the question as to whether this revision application is maintainable or not.

5. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioners has placed reliance upon the decision of this Court in Ramgulam Choudhary V/s. Nawin Choudhary, AIR 1972 Pat 499 in which it was laid down that an order passed by trial court allowing the plaintiffs to adduce further evidence after close of case of the defendant did not amount to case decided and, therefore, revision under S. 115 of the Code was not maintainable against such an order after placing reliance upon two decisions of the Supreme Court in Major S. S. Khanna V/s. Brig. F. J. Dillon; AIR 1964 SC 497 and Baldevdas Shivlal V/s. Filmistan Distributors (India) Pvt. Ltd., AIR 1970 SC 406 wherein it was laid down that a particular order would come within the expression case decided, if thereby the court adjudicates for the purpose of suit some rights or obligation of the parties in controversy.

6. Question arises what would be the effect of amendment in S. 115 of the Code by inserting an explanation in Sub-sec. (2) of S. 115 of the Code and whether in spite of the aforesaid amendment the decisions of the Supreme Court in the cases of Major S. S. Khanna (supra) and Baldevdas Shivlal (supra) still hold the field. The present case will be governed by amended provision of S




















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