IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Ashwani Kumar Singh, Arvind Srivastava, JJ.
Jai Kumar - Appellant
Versus
The State Of Bihar & Ors. - Respondent
Criminal Appeal (DD) No. 968 of 2019
Decided On : 31-08-2021
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Section 372, Proviso – There is no provision under Cr.P.C. for an appeal by victim against order of an inadequate sentence – Victim has no right to maintain appeal under Proviso to Section 372 of Cr.P.C. on the ground of inadequate sentence – Against an order of inadequate sentence, only provision prescribed under Chapter XXIX is Section 377 which provides for filing of appeal by State Government for enhancement of sentence – Victim's right to appeal can be invoked only under circumstances: (a) acquittal of accused; (b) conviction of accused for a lessor offence; or, (c) in case of imposition of inadequate compensation. (Paras 17 to 20)
Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Sections 302 and 324 – Arms Act, 1959 – Section 27 – Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Section 378 – Murder and hurt – Conviction and sentence – Acquittal of co-respondent – In case of acquittal, there is double presumption in favour of accused – Presumption of innocence is available to him under principles of criminal jurisprudence that every person shall be presumed to be innocent unless he is proven guilty – Having secured acquittal, presumption of innocence of an accused is further strengthened by Trial Court – Trial Court has recorded clear, cogent and convincing reasons in recording acquittal under Section 302 of IPC insofar as co-respondent is concerned – Mere fact that a view other than one taken by Trial Court can be legitimately arrived at by appellate court on reappraisal of evidence cannot constitute a valid and sufficient ground to interfere with an order of acquittal – If two reasonable conclusions are possible on the basis of evidence on record, appellate court would not be justified in disturbing finding of acquittal recorded by Trial Court – Appeal dismissed. (Paras 24 to 26)
JUDGMENT
Ashwani Kumar Singh, J. - Being aggrieved by and dissatisfied with the order of sentence dated 1st July, 2019 passed by the learned Fast Track Court No. 2, Patna in Sessions Trial No. 1188 of 2010/16 of 2018 arising out of Bikram P.S. Case No. 207 of 2009, the appellant has preferred the present appeal under the proviso to Section 372 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for short 'CrPC').
2. The appellant herein Jai Kumar submitted a written report to the Officer-in-charge of Bikram Police Station on 24th November 2009 alleging therein that in the evening, at about 4 p.m., when he and his younger brother Luv Kumar were going to their paddy field situated behind the school, the respondent no.2 Satya Narayan Sharma asked them not to use the approach road made for going to the school. When he asked from him the reason for the same, Satya Narayan Sharma abused him and exhorted his sons, namely, Ravish Kumar @ Mani @ Ravish Kumar @ Tinku (respondent no.3) and Manish Kumar, who were sitting near temple to kill him and his brother. When his sons did not open fire, he himself took out his pistol shot at his brother Luv Kumar. Thereafter, Ravish Kumar shot at Luv Kumar. Immediately, thereafter, Manish Kumar also shot at his brother Luv Kumar causing injury to him. They assaulted him and his mother too. When his elder brother came running, the accused persons fled away riding motorcycle. His brother died on the spot after receiving three injuries caused by firearm. In his written report, the informant Jai Kumar stated that the accused persons wanted to block the approach road leading to his land by raising boundary wall.
3. On the basis of the aforesaid information, the SHO Bikram Police Station registered Bikram P.S. Case No. 207 of 2009 dated 24th November 2009 under Sections 302, 307, 324, 323/34 of the Indian Penal Code (for short 'IPC') as well as 27 of the Arms Act. He himself took up investigation of the case. During investigation, he recorded the subsequent statements of the informant, inspected the place of occurrence, prepared the inquest report, sent the corpse for post mortem examination and the injured persons for treatment to the Sadar Hospital Bikram, received the post mortem report and on completion of investigation submitted charge-sheet against the accused Satya Narayan Sharma and Ravish Kumar and kept the investigation pending as against the accused Manish Kumar.
4. On receipt of the charge-sheet, the learned ACJM, Danapur took cognizance of the offences and transferred the case to the court of Judicial Magistrate, 1st Class. The learned Judicial Magistrate after complying with the mandatory requirement of Section 207 of the CrPC committed the case to the court of sessions for trial.
5. The sessions court (for short 'the Trial Court') framed charges under Sections 302, 307/34 of the IPC and 27 of the Arms Act against the accused Satya Narayan Sharma and Ravish Kumar to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.
6. During trial, the prosecution examined altogether 10 witnesses and proved certain documents in support of the charges.
7. After closure of the prosecution case, the circumstances appearing in evidence against the accused persons, respondent nos.2 and 3 were explained to them and their statements were recorded under Section 313 of the CrPC.
8. The defence also examined two witnesses in order to prove the innocence of the accused persons.
9. After closure of the defence case, arguments advanced on behalf of the parties were heard and vide impugned judgment dated 1st July, 2019, the accused Satyan Narayan Sharma (respondent no.2) was convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 324 of the IPC as well as 27 of the Arms Act and the accused Ravish Kumar (respondent no.3) was convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 324 of the IPC and 27 of the Arms Act. The Trial Court held that the prosecution had failed to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt against the accused Ravish Ku
There is no provision under Cr.P.C. for appeal by ‘victim’ against order of an inadequate sentence.
The right to appeal for the victim under the proviso to Section 372 of the Code is prospective in nature and has been made enforceable w.e.f. 31.12.2009.
The victim has an absolute right to prefer an appeal against the order of acquittal under Section 372 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and the prosecution must establish allegations beyond reasonable ....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the absolute right of a victim to prefer an appeal against the order of acquittal without seeking leave to appeal, as per the legal principle estab....
The appellate court must uphold acquittals unless there is clear error in the trial court's evaluation of evidence, respecting the presumption of innocence.
The appellate court upheld the trial court's acquittal due to insufficient evidence, emphasizing the presumption of innocence and the principle that two reasonable views should not disturb the trial ....
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