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2001 Supreme(Cal) 617

High Court Of Calcutta
Bhaskar Bhattacharya
VIJAY PAHWA - Appellant
Versus
BRATATI MUKHERJEE - Respondent
G. A.  3108  Of  2001
Decided On : 09/21/2001

Advocates Appeared:
D.SHOME, I.P.MUKHERJI, R.KAPOOR

A defamation suit against a public officer for acts beyond the scope of official duty does not require a notice under Section 80 of the CPC, but such a suit may be barred by limitation under Article 76 of the Limitation Act, 1963 if the words spoken are actionable per se.

Headnote:

DEFAMATION - NOTICE UNDER SECTION 80 OF CPC - LIMITATION - ACTIONABLE PER SE - WORDS SPOKEN - SPECIAL DAMAGE - SECTION 80 CPC - ARTICLE 76 LIMITATION ACT, 1963

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff, an ophthalmologist, filed a defamation suit against the defendant, an Income Tax Officer, for allegedly uttering slanderous statements during a raid conducted at his chamber. The plaintiff claimed damages of Rs. 5 crore. The defendant filed an application for rejection of the plaint on the grounds of limitation and non-service of notice under Section 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC).

Finding of the Court:

The court held that no notice under Section 80 of the CPC was required to be given before filing the suit as the defendant's acts were beyond the scope of her official duty. However, the court found that the suit was barred by limitation under Article 76 of the Limitation Act, 1963, as the words spoken by the defendant were actionable per se and the limitation period ran from the date of utterance.

Issues: 1. Whether a notice under Section 80 of the CPC is required for a defamation suit against a public officer for acts beyond the scope of official duty? 2. Whether the suit was barred by limitation under Article 76 of the Limitation Act, 1963?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. Section 80 of the CPC requires notice to be given before filing a suit against a public officer for acts done in their official capacity. However, this requirement does not apply to acts done beyond the scope of official duty. 2. Article 76 of the Limitation Act, 1963 provides a one-year limitation period for defamation suits. The limitation period runs from the date of utterance of the defamatory words if the words are actionable per se, or from the date of occurrence of special damage if the words are not actionable per se.

Final Decision: The court rejected the plaint under Order 7 Rule 11(d) of the CPC on the ground of limitation.

BHASKAR BHATTACHARYA, J.

( 1 ) THE defendant in a suit for defamation has come up with the instant application for rejection of plaint on the ground that even on the basis of averment made in the plaint, the same is liable to be rejected.

( 2 ) THE plaintiff has filed the instant suit claiming Rs. 5 crore as damages for defamation and his case as made out in the plaint may be summarized thus: (1) The plaintiff is an ophthalmologist of repute and a leading practitioner in the said field. He has chamber at 2. Russel Street. Calcutta and residence at Flat No. 9h, 67 Park Street Calcutta. (2) The plaintiff is also a trustee of charitable organization named 'sarala Pahwa Memo-rial Eye centre which treats eye aliments at minimal and/or at no cost. (3) On January 20, 2000 at about 8. 30 a. m. , the defendant, an income Tax Officer with a team of several persons came to the chamber of the plaintiff while he was examining his patients and started conducting raid, search and seizure and such raid continued till 6 a. m. on the next day. (4) After interrogating the plaintiff for about an hour the defendant left the sitting room of the plaintiff and went to the waiting room and loudly uttered the following statements falsely and maliciously in the presence of Saikat biswas, Raju and Ayan Ghosh and also to the hearing of the plaintiff and other officers of the Income tax Department sitting in the chamber of the plaintiff: (a) Dr. Pahwa is a hardened criminal: (b) Dr. Pahwa is a phoney and a quack: (c) Dr. Pahwa is a man who cheats his patients of money and should be debarred from practicing medicine. " (5) The plaintiff came to know that the said allegations of the defendant had been given wide publicity and special damage resulted to the plaintiff within May 31, 2000 when many of his regular patients cancelled appointments and he was requested by the trustees of the said 'sarla Pahwa Memorial Eye centre' to either give up his trusteeship or refrain from operating or treating any patients. The plaintiff also suffered loss of reputation and prestige in the eye of his professional peers and increasingly between May 31, 2000 to January 31, 2001 his clientele had diminished as a result of such slanderous statements. (6) In Paragraph 14 of the plaint, the following averments were made to show that the suit is not barred by limitation: "14. The said special damage having occurred since May 31, 2000 and being in the nature of a continuing breach where slander is concerned the suit is not barred by any statute including the statute of limitation. "

( 3 ) MR. Shome, the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the defendant has first submitted that the defendant being a public officer and the accusation made herein having been allegedly done by the defendant in course of her official duty as such public officer, in the absence of any notice under Section 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure ('code') the suit is not maintainable. Mr. Shome contends that in the plaint no averment has been made that any notice under Section 80 of the Code has been served upon the defendant. According to Mr. Shome, such averments are mandatory and in the absence of such averments the plaint is liable to be dismissed.

( 4 ) SECONDLY, Mr. Shome contends that in this case the causes of action of the plaint being based on slander and the plaintiff having alleged in the plaint that such slanderous statements were made on January 20, 2000, but the suit having been filed on May 18, 2001, the same was patently barred by limitation. Mr. Shome points out that according to article 76 of the Limitation Act, 1963, in this type of cases limitation should run from the very date of utterance because the allegations as made in the plaint, if treated to be true, are actionable per se.

( 5 ) THE aforesaid contentions of mr. Shome have been seriously disputed by Mr. Deb appearing on behalf of the plaintiff. According to Mr. Deb, in the instant case, there is no necessity of serving any noti


















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