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1987 Supreme(Cal) 106

High Court Of Calcutta
A. M. BHATTACHARJEE, AJIT KUMAR NAYAK
RUBY BANERJEE - Appellant
Versus
M/S.MECHANICS ENTERPRISES PVT.LTD - Respondent
C. O.  3677  Of  1986
Decided On : 04/08/1987

Advocates Appeared:
ABHIJIT BANERJI, SHILA SARKAR

An application under Section 17(2) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act is maintainable even if the tenant does not admit any amount to be due, provided there is a dispute over the amount of rent payable. Additionally, an application under Section 17(2A) can be considered independently of Section 17(2) and is not contingent on the success or failure of an application under Section 17(2).

Headnote:

WEST BENGAL PREMISES TENANCY ACT - SECTION 17(2) AND 17(2A) - CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION - DISPUTE AS TO RENT PAYABLE - DEPOSIT OF AMOUNT ADMITTED TO BE DUE - APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 17(2) - MAINTAINABILITY - APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 17(2A) - SCOPE AND APPLICABILITY - COURT'S JURISDICTION TO CONSIDER APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 17(2A) DESPITE DISMISSAL OF APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 17(2) - INTERPRETATION FAVORABLE TO TENANT.

Fact of the Case:

In an ejectment suit, the tenant filed an application under Section 17(2) and 17(2A) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act, disputing her liability to pay rent due to an agreement with the landlord that the cost of repairs made by her would be adjusted against the rent. The trial court rejected the application, prompting the tenant to file a revision petition.

Finding of the Court:

The court held that the application under Section 17(2) was maintainable even if the tenant did not admit any amount to be due, as the dispute over the amount of rent payable fell within the ambit of the provision. However, the court upheld the dismissal of the application on merits, finding that the dispute raised was false and frivolous.

Issues: 1. Whether an application under Section 17(2) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act is maintainable even if the tenant does not admit any amount to be due? 2. Whether an application under Section 17(2A) of the Act can be considered despite the dismissal of an application under Section 17(2)?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court interpreted Section 17(2) of the Act to include disputes where the tenant asserts no liability to pay rent due to adjustments made for repairs, even if no amount is admitted to be due. This interpretation was based on the Act's objective to protect tenants and the principle that, in cases of multiple interpretations, the one more favorable to the tenant should be preferred. 2. The court held that Section 17(2A) of the Act, which allows for extension of time or permission to pay rent in installments, can be invoked independently of Section 17(2) and is not contingent on the success or failure of an application under Section 17(2). This interpretation was also based on the principle of favoring the tenant's interest.

Final Decision: The court dismissed the revision petition, upholding the dismissal of the application under Section 17(2) on merits but clarifying that the application under Section 17(2A) was not considered due to the absence of any prayer for extension of time or permission to pay rent in installments.

A. M. BHATTACHARJEE, J.

( 1 ) ON being sued for ejectment op the ground of default and also other grounds, the tenant petitioner filed an application under S. 17 (2) and (2a) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act disputing her liability to pay any rent on the ground that it was agreed by the landlord-opposite party that the cost of repairs made by her in respect of the suit-premises would be adjusted towards the rent and that on such adjustment no amount of rent would be due from or payable by her. The application having been rejected by the trial Court, the tenant has moved this Court in revision and we have heard the learned Counsel appearing both for and against the revision at great length. As the case at hand involves a proper construction of the provisions of S. 17 (2) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act, the same are reproduced hereinbelow :" (2) If in any suit or proceeding referred to in Sub-Section (1) there is any dispute as to the amount of rent payable by the tenant, the tenant shall, within the time specified in Sub-Section (1), deposit in Court the amount admitted by him to be due from him together with an application to the Court for determination of the rent payable. No such deposit shall be accepted unless it is accompanied by an application for determination of the rent payable. On receipt of such application, the Court shall - (a) Having regard to the rate at which rent was last paid, and the period for which default may have been made by the tenant, make, as soon as possible within a period not exceeding one year, a preliminary order, pending final decision of the dispute, specifying the amount, if any, due from the tenant and thereupon, the tenant shall, within one month of the date of such preliminary order, deposit in court or pay to the landlord the amount so specified in the preliminary order, - (b) Having regard to the provisions of this Act, make, as soon after the preliminary order as possible, a final order determining the rate of rent and the amount to be deposited in court or paid to the landlord and either fixing the time within which the amount shall be deposited or paid or, as the case may be directing that the amount already deposited or paid to be adjusted in such manner and within such time as may be specified in the order. "

( 2 ) A literal construction of the above-quoted Sub-Sec. (2) may give rise to the impression that the provisions thereof would operate only when a portion of the rent alleged to be in arrears is admitted by the tenant to be due from and payable by him as the Sub-Section provides that the tenant shall deposit in court the amount admitted by him to be due from him along with the application under that Sub-Section for determination of the rent payable. But where, as here, the tenant asserts that as per agreement with the landlord no amount of rent is due from or payable by him as the entire amount alleged to be in arrear stands adjusted towards the cost of repairs undertaken by the tenant in respect of the suit-premises, there is obviously a "dispute as to the amount of rent payable by the tenant" within the meaning of S. 17 (2 ). And in such a case, no amount being admitted by the tenant to be due from him, no liability to deposit any amount admitted by him can obviously arise. Lex non cogit ad impossibilia and a tenant cannot obviously deposit any amount as admitted by him to be due where he in fact admits none and asserts that no amount is due.

( 3 ) WE are inclined to think that where he tenant denies his liability to pay any amount as rent and does not admit any portion hereof to be due from him, he is nevertheless raising a "dispute as to the amount of rent payable" by him within the meaning of S. 17 (2) of the Act and the tenant is therefore entitled to ask that, notwithstanding his case of 'no-liability' to pay any amount, his liability,if any, to deposit any amount towards rent if payable, be determined by the court under S. 17 (2 ). We are of the view









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