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2023 Supreme(Cal) 1545

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CALCUTTA
AJOY KUMAR MUKHERJEE, J.
Narayan Gopal Sarkar - Petitioner
Versus
Smt. Kalyani Sarkar & anr. - Respondents
C.O. 270 of 2019
Decided on : 13-07-2023

Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Mr. Tanmay Mukherjee, Mr. Diptimoy Talukder and Mr. Abhiraj Tarafdar, Advocates

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 227 - Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Order VI, Rule 17 - Revision against rejection of amendment of plaint - A party seeking amendment due to dispossession must not be barred by limitation, as per Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963. The court found the Trial Court's rejection of amendment erroneously based on limitations and wrongful application of law regarding adverse possession. (Paras 10, 11, 12)

(B) Adverse Possession - Principles pertaining to adverse possession permit its use both defensively and offensively, contrary to earlier precedents that limited its use only as a shield. (Para 10)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner sought to amend the plaint to include a claim for recovery of possession after being illegally dispossessed from the suit property. The lower court rejected the amendment citing a limitation issue and that it would change the nature of the suit.

Findings of Court:
The impugned order was set aside, allowing the amendment as timely and not changing the suit's nature.

Issues: Whether the rejection of the application for amendment due to limitation and applicability of adverse possession principles was justified.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the amendment was valid as it was filed within limitation and emphasized that adverse possession could be claimed as both a shield and a sword.

Result: The order rejecting the amendment was set aside, allowing the plaint to be amended.

Table of Content
1. service and application details (Para 1 , 2)
2. nature of the suit and application for amendment (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
3. arguments on the legality of amendment (Para 6 , 11)
4. court observations on adverse possession and limitation (Para 9 , 10 , 12)
5. conclusion and order on amendment (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)

JUDGMENT :

Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee, J. - Affidavit-of-service filed by the petitioner is taken on record. In spite of service, opposite parties are not represented.

2. The present revisional application under Article 227 of the Constitution of India has been preferred against order No. 13 dated 6th December, 2018 passed by the learned Civil Judge (Junior Division), Bongaon, 24-Parganas (North) in Title Suit No. 134 of 2015.

3. Petitioner states that the petitioner as plaintiff filed aforesaid suit, inter alia, praying for a decree of permanent injunction against the defendants / opposite parties. The defendants/opposite parties herein entered appearance and filed written statement.

4. It is alleged that during pendency of the said suit plaintiff/petitioner was illegally dispossessed from the suit property. Accordingly, the petitioner/plaintiff filed an application under Order VI, Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure with a prayer for amendment of the plaint as per the schedule of the said application. The defendants / opposite parties filed written objection against the said application.

5. Learned Court below by the impugned order No. 13 dated 6th December, 2018 was pleased to reject the plaintiff's application for amendment by which plaintiff wants to incorporate aforesaid subsequent event.

6. Mr. Tanmay Mukherjee, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner submits that the learned Court below acted illegally and with material irregularity by holding that the proposed amendment preferred by the plaintiff/petitioner is barred by law of limitation. The Court below erred in holding that the proposed amendment if allowed will change the nature and character of the suit and/or it will bring out a new case altogether, if the proposed amendment is allowed.

7. Perused the schedule of amendment and considered.

8. In the proposed amendment the plaintiff wants to incorporate a prayer for recovery of possession and in the 4th paragraph of the plaint, plaintiff wants to add that the plaintiff was dispossessed from the suit property illegally on 27th September, 2015.

9. Learned Trial Court while rejecting the prayer for amendment observed that the plaintiff claimed his right in the suit property by way of adverse possession but it is well settled principles of law that adverse possession can be used as a shield but not as a sword. Moreover, plaintiff's case is that he was dispossessed on 27th September, 2015 but he has filed the said application seeking amendment on 15th May, 2018. Accordingly, his prayer for amendment is barred by limitation and as such prayer for amendment was rejected.

10. In view of the latest proposition of law as observed in the case of Ravinder Kaur Grewal & Ors. v. Manjit Kaur & Ors., reported in (2019) 8 SCC 729, it is now well settled that plea of adverse possession can be taken both as a shield and as a sword.

11. Learned Counsel for the petitioner further submits that Article 65 of the LIMITATION ACT , 1963 prescribes a limitation of 12 years for a suit for possession of an immovable property or any interest therein based on title. The present application for amendment has been filed well within 3 years of dispossession and as such the question of limitation does not arise.

12. Having considered the facts and circumstance of the case and from the averments made in the plaint as well as the amendment application, it does not reflect that the averments made therein are barred by limitation. At this early stage prayer for amendment cannot be rejected either on the ground that the plaintiff took plea of adverse possession as a sword or on the ground that he has filed his prayer for amendment at a

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