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2023 Supreme(Cal) 1566

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CALCUTTA
AJOY KUMAR MUKHERJEE, J.
Md. Ansar Rahaman Mollah @ Molla - Petitioner
Versus
Abdul Gazi and Ors. - Opposite Parties
C.O. 3269 of 2018
Decided on : 12-07-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Debdutta Basu and Mr. Nikhil Kumar Gupta
For the Respondent: Mr. Sounak Bhattacharya and Mr. Abhirup Halder

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order VI, Rule 17 - Limitation Act, 1963 - Amendment of plaint - Petition for amendment to declare deed null and void rejected as time-barred - Application filed after knowledge of deed was gained does not qualify under due diligence requirement - Opposite party's rights upheld due to plaintiffs' delay. (Paras 3, 4, 10, 11)

(B) Limitation - Concept of due diligence in seeking amendments - It is not sufficient for plaintiffs to claim ignorance after having knowledge since 2014 - Requirement to file amendment timely emphasized. (Paras 6, 10)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff filed a suit for partition and sought to amend his written statement to challenge a deed dated 13.12.1965 as void, having acquired knowledge of it from the defendants’ written objection in December 2014.

Findings of Court:
The court found the amendment application time-barred and rejected it, citing lack of due diligence from the plaintiff and the subsequent rights earned by the defendants.

Issues: The court addressed the timelines regarding knowledge of the deed and the implications of late amendment applications on accrued rights of parties.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that once a plaintiff has knowledge of material facts, lack of timely action based on that knowledge does not justify late amendments. The application was barred by limitation under Article 56 with respect to the Limitation Act.

Result: Revisional application dismissed.

Table of Content
1. party initiated suit for partition. (Para 1 , 2)
2. plaintiff claims error in trial court's decision. (Para 3)
3. opposite party contends plaintiff lacked diligence. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
4. court reviews amendment application. (Para 8 , 9)
5. court clarifies amendment limitation issue. (Para 10 , 11)
6. revisional application dismissed. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)

JUDGMENT :

Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee, J. - This revisional application has been filed by the petitioner against the order dated 9th August, 2018 passed by the learned Civil Judge (Junior Division), 6th Court, Alipore in Title Suit No. 81 of 2014.

2. The petitioner herein as plaintiff filed the aforesaid suit inter alia for partition and permanent injunction. The opposite parties herein appeared in the said suit and filed written objection. During pendency of the suit the petitioner filed an application under Order VI, Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure for amendment of the written statement and the opposite parties/defendants filed written objection against the said amendment application. Learned Court below by the impugned order has rejected the prayer for amendment of the plaint filed by the plaintiff.

3. Mr. Debdutta Basu, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioners submits that the learned Trial Judge committed a grave error in not considering the prima facie case of the plaintiff and has misconstrued and mis-appreciated the case of the plaintiff. Learned Court below failed to consider that in a suit for partition, each co-sharer has share in each and every part of the undivided suit land and the defendant/opposite parties have no right to make any construction as per their own choice and the learned Court below also failed to consider the eminent dander, the plaintiff is likely to face due to forcible construction made over un-partitioned property. Learned Court below also failed to consider that until the Deed was produced before the Court below at the time of recording evidence, there was no scope for the petitioner/plaintiff to verify the executant's LTI (left thump impression) and other factors which can be the subject matter of challenge. Accordingly, plaintiffs have gathered the knowledge about the falsity of the Deed only when it was filed before the Court below during evidence and the period of limitation will start from the date, when it was brought to the notice of the plaintiff and such right to challenge accrued on perusal of the contents of the original Deed.

4. Mr. Sounak Bhattacharya, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the opposite party No. 1 submits that the defendants in their written statement, which was filed on 16th December, 2014, have categorically stated about the said Deed and accordingly at least from that date the plaintiff has gathered knowledge about the said Deed.

5. In this context he also referred to proviso under Order VI, Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure which provides that no application for amendment shall be allowed after the trial has commenced unless the Court comes to the conclusion that in spite of due diligence the plaintiff could not have raised the matter before the commencement of trial.

6. Here the defendants in the year 2014 had brought within the knowledge of plaintiff about the existence of the said Deed which the plaintiff now seeks for cancellation by way of amendment but plaintiffs did not pray for interrogatories or discovery or inspection to make scrutiny about the Deed and as such the plaintiff has miserably failed to show that he had exercised due diligence in support of his not filing the amendment application before commencement of Trial.

7. He further submits that since the Deed was executed on 13th December, 1965 and it was brought to the notice of the plaintiffs on 16th December, 2014, so the amendment application which was filed on 23rd February, 2018 is hopelessly barred by limitation and the defendants by this time have accrued valuable right and accordingly he has prayed for rejec

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