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2026 Supreme(Cal) 174

IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
ANANYA BANDYOPADHYAY, J.
Madan Kundu And Ors. – Appellant 
Versus 
The State – Respondent 
C.R.A. 179 of 2007
Decided On : 05-05-2026  

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr. Prabir Majumder
For the Respondent: Mr. Avishek Sinha

Where medical evidence exclusively reveals blunt injuries, contradicting witness accounts of an assault by sharp-edged weapons, a conviction for causing hurt by a dangerous weapon (Section 324 IPC) cannot be sustained and must be reduced to simple hurt (Section 323 IPC).

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 323, 324 and 34 - Voluntary causing of hurt - Prosecution allegation of injury by sharp-edged weapons - Medical evidence confirming only blunt force trauma - Sustainability of conviction under Section 324 - The essential ingredient of Section 324 IPC is voluntary causing of hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting - Absence of incision or cut wounds renders the substantive charge unsubstantiated.

(B) Evidence - Ocular testimony versus medical evidence - When there is a substantial incongruity between ocular narration and medical findings, specifically regarding the nature of the weapon used, the Court shall rely on medical evidence to determine the appropriate offence - Injured witness status alone does not override established medical findings. (Paras 21-25)

Facts of the case:
The appellants were convicted for assault arising from a long-standing boundary dispute. The prosecution accused the appellants of using sharp-edged instruments to inflict injuries. While witnesses claimed weapons like a dao and hasua were used, the medical reports explicitly described all injuries as lacerated blunt type, noting no signs of sharp-edged cuts.

Findings of Court:
The court found that although the occurrence of the incident and participation of the assailants in furtherance of common intention were established, the specific charge under Section 324 IPC (hurt by dangerous weapon) was unsustainable. The medical evidence categorically negated the use of sharp-edged weapons, creating a contradiction that could not be reconciled with the prosecution’s ocular account.

Issues: Whether a conviction under Section 324 IPC is sustainable when the medical evidence reveals only blunt injuries, completely contradicting the prosecution's claim of assault by sharp-edged weapons.

Ratio Decidendi: To establish an offence under Section 324 IPC, the prosecution must present medical proof aligned with the alleged weapon of offence. When ocular testimony is contradicted by medical findings that exclusively verify blunt injuries, the conviction under the higher penal provision cannot stand, and the Court must restrict the conviction to simple hurt under Section 323 IPC.

Result: Conviction under Section 324/34 IPC set aside; conviction under Section 323/34 IPC affirmed with the sentence modified to a fine.

Table of Content
1. procedural background and framing of charges. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. parties' contentions regarding evidentiary gaps and prosecution's case. (Para 6 , 7)
3. evaluation of witness consistency versus medical expert reports. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
4. applicability of section 323 versus 324 ipc based on medical evidence of weapons used. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
5. modification of sentence and final disposal of the criminal appeal. (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)

JUDGMENT :

Ananya Bandyopadhyay, J.

1. This appeal is preferred against judgment and order of conviction and sentence dated 16th December, 2006 passed by the Learned Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court-I, Krishnagar in Sessions Case No. 90(9) of 2005 convicting the appellant nos. 1, 2 and 3 under Sections 324/323/34 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced them to suffer rigorous imprisonment for two years each for the offence punishable under Sections 324/34 of the Indian Penal Code and further sentenced them to suffer rigorous imprisonment for six months each for the offence punishable under Sections 323/34 of the Indian Penal Code and convicting the appellant nos. 4 and 5 under Sections 323/34 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced them to suffer simple imprisonment for six months for the offence punishable under Sections 323/34 of the Indian Penal Code. All the sentences shall run concurrently.

2. The prosecution case precisely stated one Tapas Kundu moved to the Court of the Learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Krishnagar and filed a written complaint narrating on 09.09.2002 at about 3.30 p.m. his elder brother Ashoke Kundu in the course of unloading and alighting wet jute sticks from a cart pulled by oxen, was assaulted by the appellants armed with “lathi”, “hesua” and “ballam” etc. at the spot of occurrence. Appellant Mandan Kundu assaulted Ashoke Kundu by a “dao” on his head with the intention to murder him. Ashoke Kundu being injured ran into the house of one Kesab to save himself. The appellants chased him inside the house of Kesab and assaulted Ashoke Kundu by “hesua”, “dao” on different parts of his body. The mother of Ashoke Kundu namely, Santi @ Shanti Kundu arrived to save her son from the clutches of the appellants, however, the appellants also assaulted her by fists, blows and kicks. On raising alarm, Santi @ Shanti Kundu, other localites including Panchayet Pradhan came to the spot and the appellants fled. The complainant along with his wife, injured elder brother Ashoke Kundu and other localites went to the local police station. The police advised them to take the injured victim/Ashoke Kundu to Bethuadari Hospital for treatment.

3. On the basis of the complaint filed in Court, Nakashipara P.S. Case No.145/02 dated 14.09.2002 under Sections 147/148/149/447/323/427/326/307/34 of the Indian Penal Code was initiated.

4. On completion of the investigation, the investigating agency submitted charge-sheet against the appellants under Sections 147/ 148/ 149/ 325/306/307/447/427 of the Indian Penal Code.

5. Charges were framed against the appellants under Sections 148/307/448/325/34 of the Indian Penal Code to which the appellants pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

6. The Learned Advocate representing the appellants submitted as follows:-

i. Law provides that an F.I.R., after its lodgment, to be dispatched before the Learned Jurisdictional Magistrate at the earliest, preferably within 24 hours. Surprisingly in the present case the F.I.R. was dispatched after 6 days i.e. on 20.09.2002, though the complaint was registered in the police station on 14.09.2002. No explanation as such was forthcoming from the side of the prosecution for the inordinate delay.

ii. Framing of charges in this case was not proper since the Learned Trial Judge did not specify two separate places of occurrence while framing the charge.

iii. Description of the incident as stated by PWs-1, 2 and 3, if thoroughly scrutinized w

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