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2026 Supreme(Cal) 210

IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
CHAITALI CHATTERJEE DAS, J.
Mithun Paul - Appellant
Versus 
The State Of West Bengal – Respondent
CRA 76 of 2009
Decided On : 27-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Ms. Tannistha Bandyopadhyay, Adv.
For the State : Ms. Sujata Das, Adv.

A conviction for sexual assault cannot rest solely on the testimony of a victim if it lacks consistency or corroboration. Consent is not invalidated by a misconception of fact unless the prosecution proves the accused possessed an intention to deceive from the very inception of the promise.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 376 - Sexual assault - Conviction based on sole testimony of victim - Requirement for evidence to inspire judicial confidence - Burden of proof lies upon the prosecution to prove the case beyond all reasonable doubt - Absence of corroboration for key allegations, such as confinement, significantly impacts the credibility of the prosecution's case. (Paras 10, 11, 15)

(B) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 90 - Consent - Misconception of fact - False promise of marriage - Essential to demonstrate an intention to deceive existing from the inception of the act to invalidate consent - Mere subsequent souring of a relationship or breach of a promise of marriage does not satisfy the legal threshold for sexual assault. (Paras 13, 14)

Facts of the case:
A criminal appeal was filed against a conviction for sexual assault. The complainant alleged that the accused induced her to his residence under a promise of marriage and committed the act against her will, subsequently confining her. Evidence presented during trial indicated that the parties shared a pre-existing romantic relationship and were later married. The complaint was filed eight days after the alleged incident, and the claim of confinement was not supported by independent witnesses or contemporaneous reports.

Findings of Court:
The trial court failed to properly evaluate the weight of the admitted romantic relationship and the subsequent marriage between the parties. The court observed that the testimony of the victim was self-contradictory and failed to inspire confidence given the suppression of material facts and the lack of independent corroboration for the alleged confinement. Furthermore, the prosecution failed to establish that the consent was given under a misconception of fact necessitated by a pre-conceived intent to deceive.

Issues: The main issues were whether the conviction for sexual assault was sustainable in the absence of credible, consistent evidence and whether the consent given by the complainant was invalidated by a misconception of fact regarding marriage.

Ratio Decidendi: A conviction cannot be sustained on the basis of a victim's testimony alone if that testimony is inconsistent, contradicted by other evidence, or lacks corroboration where such evidence is expected. Additionally, to establish a misconception of fact regarding consent, the prosecution must prove that the accused held a dishonest intention from the very inception of the promise.

Result: Appeal allowed; the judgment and order of conviction passed by the trial court are set aside.

Table of Content
1. procedural context and factual history of the conviction under section 376 ipc. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. contentions regarding the validity of the rape allegation given the subsequent marriage and lack of evidence. (Para 5)
3. analysis of witness testimony and credibility regarding allegations of rape and forced confinement. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. application of section 90 ipc regarding consent and the threshold for credibility in romantic relationships. (Para 10 , 14 , 15)
5. final acquittal and order of discharge from bail. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)

JUDGMENT :

CHAITALI CHATTERJEE DAS, J.

1. This application under Section 374(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is filed against the judgement and order dated November 29, 2008 passed by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court I krishnanagar, Nadia in Sessions case no. 40(7) 2006 by the applicant has been convicted under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced him to suffer for 7 years and to pay a fine of Rs.2000 in default to rigorous imprisonment for three months.

Brief resume of the case

2. In order to set the police in motion a complaint was lodged by the victim, alleging against the applicant that on July 23, 05 at 5:30 PM, the accused called her to his house with on the plea he would marry her when nobody was present in their house and then he made her lying on the court, stripped and raped her as a result she suffered bleeding from her private part. The accused washed the bedsheet with detergent powder after committing rape on her. He confined her up to July 31, 2005 on the ground of marrying her, but left to some other place, keeping her in the house. The mother of the accused also left due to fear.

3. Over the complaint, the Kotwali P.S. case no. 261 of 2005, dated August1, 2005 under Section 376 IPC started against the accused person and on completion of in the investigation, the charge-sheet was submitted. The matter was transferred after commitment before the learned Fast Track Court 1, Krishna Nagar for trial.

4. The learned court on considering the materials framed the charge against the accused under Section 376 of IPC and the contents of the same was read over and explained to the accused in Bengali to which he pleaded “not guilty” and claimed to be tried. Hence, the trial commenced. In order to prove the case the prosecution witnesses adduced evidence. The learned Court after hearing both the learned prosecution as well as the defence counsel and considering the evidence passed the order of conviction. Being aggrieved thereby this appeal has been filed.

Submission

5. The learned Advocate representing the appellant argued that the victim got married with the appellant which she suppressed in her complaint and disclosed only during the cross examination hence the allegation to commit rape is not sustainable. The incident took place as alleged on July 23/2005 with an allegation of false promises to marry. The victim alleged of confinement for nine days at the house of the appellant but no complaint was lodged. P.W. 4, 5 & 6 turned hostile. The marriage held between the parties on August 8,005 under Special Marriage Act and a civil suit is pending challenging such marriage. They lead matrimonial life for 2 months and her husband qua the appellant was kidnapped and filed a case. Admittedly, there was a love relation which subsequently turned soured, and this false case has been filed against the appellant. The P.W. 3 mother corroborates that her room was locked but admittedly though her daughter was confined in the house of accused no one lodged any complaint against the accused person.

More so, when the victim was aged about 18 years at that point of time, the appellant, during his examination under Section 313 of the Criminal Procedure also admitted the marriage and also that he got married to a different lady as the complainant left with another boy of a different locality . The doctor could not opine that rap

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