IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
Rakesh Mohan Pandey, J.
Meena Rai D/o N.P. Ray – Appellant
Versus
Neeta D/o Seeta Ram Prasad - Respondent
FA No. 18 of 2009
Decided On : 17-09-2024
(A) Limitation Act, 1963 – Section 19 – Civil Suit – Recovery of loan – The plaintiff sought recovery of Rs.80,000/- with interest, claiming a loan agreement with the defendant. The trial court decreed the suit, but the appellate court found the suit barred by limitation as the acknowledgment of payment lacked the defendant's signature. (Paras 1, 5, 15)
(B) Agreement – Validity – The court upheld the trial court's finding that an agreement was validly executed, but the acknowledgment of payment was insufficient to extend the limitation period. (Paras 4, 12)
Facts of the case: The plaintiff advanced Rs.1,00,000/- to the defendant under an agreement, of which Rs.20,000/- was allegedly refunded. The defendant claimed the agreement was forged and denied the loan. (Paras 2, 3)
Findings of Court: The appellate court found the suit barred by limitation due to lack of proper acknowledgment of payment. (Paras 15, 16)
Issues: Whether the suit was within limitation and the validity of the agreement. (Paras 5, 15)
Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that without the defendant's signature on the acknowledgment, the payment could not extend the limitation period, rendering the suit time-barred. (Paras 14, 15)
Result: Appeal allowed; trial court's judgment set aside.
ORDER :
Rakesh Mohan Pandey, J.
1. The present appeal has been filed against the judgment and decree passed by the VIIIth Additional District Judge, FTC Durg (C.G. in Civil Suit No.33-B/2003 dated 30.09.2008 wherein and whereby, the civil suit filed by the plaintiff was decreed and the defendant/appellant was directed to make payment of Rs.80,000/- with interest at the rate of 6% per annum. It is also observed that the suit was dismissed for want of prosecution on 25.08.2005 and it was restored on 15.06.2007, therefore, the plaintiff would not be entitled to get interest for that period.
2. The plaintiff filed a suit for recovery of Rs.80,000/- with interest @ 18% per annum on the ground that a loan of Rs.1,00,000/- was advanced to the defendant and agreement Ex.P/1 was executed between the plaintiff and defendant on 08.09.1995 in presence of two witnesses, namely, Mahipat Singh and D.N. Tiwari. A stamp paper of Rs.10/- was purchased by the defendant herself on 06.09.1995. The agreement would reveal that an amount of Rs.20,000/- was refunded by the defendant to the plaintiff on 25.03.1997. The back-leaf of the stamp paper was signed by the plaintiff in the presence of two witnesses but it does not contain the signature of the defendant. The defendant failed to refund the balance amount, therefore, registered legal notice was sent on 29.10.1998 but when the defendant failed to make payment, a civil suit was filed on 18.01.1999. It is further pleaded that the defendant was indulged in the business of beauty parlour and she was in need of Rs.1,00,000/-. She approached the plaintiff and in turn, the plaintiff requested one Mahipat Singh, who was a moneylender and managed an amount of Rs.1,00,000/-. As per further pleading, Mahipat Singh withdrew Rs.60,000/- from his bank account, took a loan of Rs.20,000/- from D.N.Tiwari and Rs.20,000/- cash, a total of Rs.1,00,000/- was given to the defendant by the plaintiff on the date of execution of the agreement. It is further pleaded that an amount of Rs.20,000/- was refunded by the defendant to the plaintiff on 25.03.1997 in the presence of two witnesses, namely, Mahipat Singh and D.N. Tiwari. The defendant filed a written statement and took a specific plea that a stamp paper was purchased by the defendant for the execution of a joint tenancy agreement and no loan was obtained by her. It is further pleaded that the defendant opened a beauty parlour after obtaining a loan from the bank and other sources. It is further pleaded that on 25.03.1997, Rs.20,000/- was not refunded to the plaintiff and the entry made in this regard is a forged one.
3. Learned Trial Court framed issues and held that an agreement was entered into between the plaintiff and defendant on 08.09.1995; Rs.1,00,000/- was advanced as a loan by the plaintiff to the defendant; Rs.20,000/- was refunded by the defendant on 25.03.1997, Ex.P/1 stamp paper is admissible in evidence and suit is within limitation.
4. Learned Trial Court vide judgment dated 30.09.2008 directed the defendant to make payment of Rs.80,000/- with interest @ 6% per annum to the plaintiff. The interest would not be payable for the period from the date of dismissal of the civil suit in want of prosecution till the date of restoration.
5. Mr. Tiwari, the learned counsel appearing for the appellant / defendant argued that the agreement dated 08.09.1995 Ex.P/1 is a forged document as no loan was obtained by the defendant to open a beauty parlour. He further submitted that the plaintiff and defendant wanted to open a beauty parlour and for tenancy purposes, a stamp paper was purchased and on blank stamp paper, the defendant had put her signature. He also submitted that the plaintiff in plaint has stated that Rs.80,000/- was advanced by Mahipat Singh and Rs.20,000/- was taken as a loan from D.N. Tiwari but no agreement was entered into between D.N. Tiwari, Mahipat Singh and the plaintiff which establishes that a fraud was played against her. He further argued that the
An acknowledgment of payment must contain the debtor's signature to extend the limitation period; otherwise, the suit is barred by limitation.
The acknowledgment of debt for limitation purposes must be explicit, written, and made before the expiration of the limitation period; mere disputes do not suffice.
The presumption of execution in promissory notes under the Negotiable Instruments Act outweighs claims of fabrication by the defendant without substantial evidence.
A party seeking recovery under a promissory note must prove the validity of the note; failure to substantiate an endorsement leads to claims being barred by limitation.
An acknowledgment of debt must be in writing and signed to extend the limitation period; unsigned entries are legally insufficient.
The burden of proof regarding the execution of a loan agreement shifts when the defendant admits to the signature, reducing the plaintiff's requirement to prove the contents.
(1) Once signature in promissory note is admitted, presumption would go to support execution of Pronote.(2) Stamp paper purchased by or for use of a person, can be used by that person or his legal re....
Sale agreements must comply with statutory requirements, including proper execution and stamping; failure to demonstrate consensus or readiness negates claims for specific performance.
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