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2023 Supreme(Del) 2095

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Rekha Palli, J.
Aakriti Kapoor – Appellant
Versus
Abhinav Agarwal – Respondent
CM(M) 655 of 2022, CM APPL. 30320 of 2022 (stay), CM APPL. 42224 of 2022 (disposal) & CM APPL. 42606 of 2022 (change in date)
Decided On : 03-02-2023

Advocates appeared:
Ms. Malavika Rajkotia with Ms.Akriti Tyagi, Advocate with Petitioner in person.
Ms.Geeta Luthra, Senior Advocate with Mr.Manas Agarwal, Ms.Kamakshi Gupta, Advocates and Ms. Kavya Agrawal, Advocate, for the Respondent.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 227 - Custody and visitation rights - The petitioner seeks to modify visitation rights to relocate to the USA with the minor child, whom she has primary custody of due to mutual agreements in divorce proceedings. The respondent's pleas against relocation were dismissed, emphasizing the child's best interests. The Court opined that existing arrangements could be modified, and favored procedural expedience to avoid undue hardship on the family. It set conditions for interaction and custody during parent visits. (Paras 1, 11, 12, 35, 52)

(B) Child Welfare - The court prioritized the welfare of the child and held that the petitioner, being the primary caregiver, could relocate without compromising the father's rights to interact with the child through video calls and during vacations. This consideration emphasized the evolving dynamics of child custody in modern contexts. (Paras 48, 50, 52)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner and respondent were married on 04.02.2013, with ongoing disputes resulting in a divorce by mutual consent. A settlement in 2018 granted the petitioner custody of their daughter, with visitation rights granted to the respondent. Following remarriages, the petitioner wished to relocate to the USA. The respondent opposed the relocation, citing the child's best interest.

Findings of Court:
The court concluded the petitioner could relocate with the child, setting terms for visitation and interaction with the father.

Issues: The main issues were whether the petitioner's relocation application should be allowed and to what extent the father’s visitation rights would be affected.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court determined that modification of visitation rights is necessary for the child’s welfare and that rights can be adequately protected through modern communication.

Result: The petition was allowed, permitting the petitioner to relocate to the USA with the child under specified conditions.

Table of Content
1. factual background regarding custody and visitation arrangement. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
2. arguments for modification of visitation rights. (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
3. respondent's opposition to relocation and visitation modifications. (Para 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24)
4. court's directive for evidence due to disputed questions. (Para 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 36)
5. legal consideration on the role of parents and relocation rights. (Para 38 , 40 , 42)
6. court's reasoning against implying objections raised regarding maternal care. (Para 46 , 51)
7. final judgment allowing relocation with conditions. (Para 52 , 53)

JUDGMENT

Rekha Palli, J. The present petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, preferred by the mother of a five and a half years old girl child, seeks to assail the order dated 27.05.2022 passed by the learned Family Court in MISC No. 29/2020. Vide the impugned order, the learned Family Court, while deferring disposal of the applications filed by both sides seeking modification of visitation rights, has adjourned the matter with a direction to the parties to lead evidence.

2. The brief factual matrix as emerging from the record is that the parties entered into a wedlock on 04.02.2013 as per Hindu rites and ceremonies. Soon after their marriage, disputes arose between them; consequently the petitioner, in a state of pregnancy, moved back to her parental house where she was blessed with a baby girl Anaisha on 09.03.2017. After the birth of the child, even though the petitioner, at the request of the respondent, returned to her matrimonial home, the parties could not resolve their disputes and she on 01.10.2017, once again left for her parental home. The petitioner and the minor child are since then, living at the petitioner's parental home.

3. As the parties were not able to reconcile their differences, they entered into a settlement on 12.11.2018 as per which, they not only agreed to seek divorce by mutual consent but also agreed that the permanent custody of the minor child would remain with the petitioner. As per the terms of this settlement, the respondent was entitled to visit the minor child on the first Sunday of every month for five hours, which arrangement was to continue for six months. On 27.11.2018, the parties, filed their respective first motion petitions on the terms as mentioned in settlement agreement dated 12.11.2018, which motion was allowed by the learned Family Court. However, before filing the second motion, the parties on 25.05.2019, entered into another settlement agreement thereby modifying the visitation rights earlier agreed upon between the parties. As per the terms of this modified agreement, the respondent was, besides the existing visitation rights of five hours on the first Sunday of every month, granted overnight visitation rights. The respondent was accordingly entitled to pick up the child from the petitioner's residence in the evening on every fourth Saturday of the month and drop her back on Sunday evening. He was further granted exclusive custody of the child for five days in the summer vacations and for three days in the winter vacations besides three hours exclusive custody on the festival of Diwali as well as on the birthday of the child. As per this settlement, it was further agreed between the parties that the petitioner would not be entitled to take the child outside the country without the leave of the Court.

4. Based on the terms of this modified settlement, the parties filed their second motion petitions under Section 13-B(2) of the Hindu Marriage Act, which came to be allowed by the learned Family Court on 20.07.2019, thereby dissolving their marriage. The respondent then got remarried in January, 2020, which fact the petitioner claims, was not brought to her knowledge for a long time even though the child was regularly visiting him as per the settlement agreement. In March, 2020, when the pandemic of Covid-19 set in, the

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