IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Anish Dayal, J.
Pidilite Industries Ltd. - Appellant
Versus
Sanjay Jain & Another - Respondent
C.O. (COMM.IPD-TM) 371 of 2022
Decided On : 22-03-2024
Trade Marks - Rectification Application - Trade Marks Act, 1999, Sections 47 and 57 - 47, 57
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner filed a rectification application under Sections 47 and 57 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 for removal/cancellation of the impugned mark bearing no. 2223608 in the Register of Trade Marks. The impugned mark 'POMA-EX KIWKHEAL' was granted to the respondent in 2014. The petitioner claimed that the impugned mark was deceptively similar to their prior mark 'FEVIKWIK' and sought removal on various grounds.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the new device mark of the respondent, 'KWIKHEAL', had apparent dissimilarity with the petitioner's mark, 'FEVIKWIK', and could not be said to be deceptively similar. The court also noted that the petitioner's claim was expansive beyond legitimate bounds, and the use of the word 'KWIK' on one of their many sub-brands could not give them dominance over what had already been disclaimed as of general use. The court dismissed the rectification petition.
Issues: The main issue was whether the impugned mark 'KWIKHEAL' was deceptively similar to the petitioner's mark 'FEVIKWIK' and whether the petitioner had exclusive rights over the word 'KWIK'.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the impugned mark 'KWIKHEAL' had apparent dissimilarity with the petitioner's mark 'FEVIKWIK' and could not be said to be deceptively similar. The court also emphasized that the petitioner's claim was expansive beyond legitimate bounds, and the use of the word 'KWIK' on one of their many sub-brands could not give them dominance over what had already been disclaimed as of general use.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the rectification petition and rendered pending applications, if any, infructuous.
JUDGMENT
Anish Dayal, J. - This rectification application has been filed under Sections 47 and 57 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 ("the Act") for removal/cancellation of the impugned mark bearing no. 2223608 in the Register of Trade Marks.
2. The said matter was initially filed before the Intellectual Property Appellant Tribunal ("IPAB") and transferred to this Court, consequent to the abolition of IPAB in 2021.
3. The impugned mark of which removal is sought, 'POMA-EX KIWKHEAL' (device), was applied for on 21st October, 2011, with user claimed from 01st July, 2011, and was granted on 16th December, 2014 to the respondent.
4. The petitioner claims to, inter alia, have the following registrations:
5. The trademarks are applied to their product which is instant adhesive and bears the following packaging/label:
6. The petitioner is a company incorporated in India, having its registered office in Mumbai. It claims to be world-renowned in the field of adhesives and sealants, construction, paint chemicals, art materials, industrial adhesives, et al.
7. Petitioner's products are sold under well-known trademarks 'FEVIKWI', 'FEVICOL', 'FEVISTIK', 'FEVICRYL', 'FEVI BOND', 'FEVIART', 'FEVIGUM', 'FEVITITE', 'M-SEAL' and 'DR. FIXIT', et al.
8. Petitioner's products are claimed to have been developed through in house research and sold internationally. However, in particular, the products sold under the aforementioned marks enjoy a major market share in India.
9. Petitioner's trademark 'FEVIKWIK' as noted above has a distinctive trade dress, colour scheme, and layout and has been used extensively and continuously by the petitioner since 1987. The said trademark was popularised over a period of time through various sales promotion measures.
10. Petitioner claims to be the registered proprietor of the mark 'FEVIKWIK' bearing registration no. 465651 dated 06th January, 1987 in class-1, the said registration is valid and subsisting.
11. Aside from the fact that the earliest registration of the 'FEVIKWIK' mark was in 1987, in November, 2007 the petitioner adopted a new, unique, and distinctive packaging for its 'FEVIKWIK' products being. The essential features comprise of the following:
i. a unique and distinctive colour combination of yellow and shades of blue;
ii. the mark 'FEVIKWIK' written in red lettering;
iii. a blue ball device depicted at the right-side top end of the mark 'FEVIKWIK';
iv. the words "one drop instant adhesive" on top of the mark and;
v. a depiction of the product container bearing the house mark 'PIDILITE' on the left side of the packaging (hereinafter referred to as the FEVIKWIK Distinctive Packaging).
12. Registration of the labels was obtained in class 1 (no. 1646321 dated 21st January, 2008), as well as in class 16 by (no. 1643620). The petitioner, therefore, claims copyright ownership in respect of the trademark 'FEVIKWIK' with its distinctive packaging.
13. The petitioner claims that the moment it came to know of respondent's infringing products using trademark 'KWIKHEAL', it filed Suit no. 653/2014 in the High Court of Judicature at Bombay. The High Court granted an ad-interim injunction on 05th May, 2014 against the respondent which was made absolute on 02nd August, 2017.
14. The injunction was granted inter alia in the following terms:
"(b) that pending the hearing and final disposal of the suit, the Defendants by itself, its partners, its directors, proprietors, servants, subordinates, representatives, stockists, dealers, agents and all other persons claiming under them be restrained by an order and injunction of this Hon'ble Court from infringing any of the Plaintiff's trademark comprised in the FEVIKWIK Distinctive Packaging bearing registrations Nos. 1643621 in class 1 and 1643620 in class 16 in any manner and from using in relation to any products / Impugned Products the Impugned Packaging or any other mark which is similar to any of the aforesaid marks of the Plaintiff including, the FEVIKWIK Distinctive Packaging or any of the '
The court emphasized that the petitioner's claim was expansive beyond legitimate bounds, and the use of the word 'KWIK' on one of their many sub-brands could not give them dominance over what had alr....
The court established that a composite trade mark must be assessed as a whole for registration, not in parts, and that refusal based on descriptiveness must consider the entirety of the mark.
The main legal point established in the judgment is that a rectification petition seeking removal of a device mark from the register of trade marks must establish a fresh cause of action for rectific....
Registration validity sustained if distinctiveness established over time despite claims of descriptiveness.
In trademark infringement actions, a presumption of confusion arises if the defendant's mark is identical to that of the registered trademark, fostering the entitlement to interim injunction.
A trade mark recognized as well-known under the Trade Marks Act is protected against concurrent use by others regardless of the class of goods, particularly when evidence of rightful prior use and bo....
The central legal point established in the judgment is the application of the anti-dissection rule and the identification of the dominant part of a composite mark, leading to a likelihood of confusio....
The central legal point established in the judgment is the application of Section 11(1)(b) of the Trademarks Act to determine the likelihood of confusion based on phonetic similarity and the priority....
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