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IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI
Mini Pushkarna, J.
Royal Orchids - Appellant
Versus
Kulbir Singh Kohli - Respondent
O.M.P.(I) (COMM.) 192 of 2022
Decided On : 23-08-2022




Specific performance of a determinable agreement cannot be enforced under the Specific Relief Act, emphasizing the need for timely compliance with contract terms.

Headnote:(A) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Section 9 - Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Sections 14(d) and 41(e) - Breach of Memorandum of Understanding - Petitioner sought interim orders to protect subject matter of arbitration regarding a property development agreement where it was to be paid 30% of sale proceeds but respondents reneged on obligations - Court held MOU was determinable and thus specific performance could not be ordered - Petitioner failed to prove readiness to perform its obligations - Petition dismissed. (Paras 1, 9, 35, 40)

(B) Specific Performance - Essentials for existence - Contract cannot be specifically enforced if it is determinable by nature per Section 14(d) of the Specific Relief Act - Agreed terms of payment were essential and breach thereof justified termination by respondents. (Para 34)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner entered into an MOU with the respondents to develop a property, which included paying a security deposit of Rs.5 crores but failed to pay the full amount on time, leading respondents to terminate the agreement. (Para 4, 10, 18)

Findings of Court:
The MOU is categorized as a construction and redevelopment agreement which does not grant ownership rights to the petitioner, and it is held that specific performance could not be enforced due to statutory limitations. (Paras 30, 35)

Issues: Whether the MOU is determinable and whether the petitioner’s claim for specific performance can be granted. (Para 40)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that specific performance cannot be granted for a determinable agreement under the Specific Relief Act due to the lack of enforceability in case of material non-compliance by one party. (Para 34)

Result: Petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. arbitration petition and mou context. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. petitioner's claim of breach and readiness to perform. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12)
3. respondent's counterarguments regarding mou nature. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 18)
4. petitioner's rebuttal on contract nature. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25)
5. court's analysis of mou clauses and implications. (Para 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 34)
6. court's decision based on statutory provisions. (Para 35 , 36)
7. conclusion and dismissal of the petition. (Para 37 , 38 , 39 , 40)

JUDGMENT

Mini Pushkarna, J. The present petition has been preferred by the petitioner under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (hereinafter called as "Act"), against the respondents seeking urgent interim orders for protection to preserve the subject matter of arbitration i.e. property bearing no. K-1, Basaidarapur, Rajouri Garden, New Delhi.

2. As per the petitioner, the parties entered into a MOU dated 03.03.2022, in terms of which the property had to be developed by the petitioner at its own cost in lieu of being paid 30% of the sale proceeds. The petitioner paid an advance sum of Rs.1 crore to the respondents and the remaining part of the initial deposit were ready and available with the petitioner. However, the respondents did not take the same and began to avoid the petitioner.

3. It is the case of the petitioner that the respondents have been deferring their obligation under false pretext. The petitioner has got information that instead of proceeding with their obligations under the MOU, the respondents are re-negotiating other deals with respect to the property in question. It is alleged that the respondents are in breach of the terms of MOU dated 03.03.2022.

4. It is seen from the record that the two respondents are spouses and are co-owners of the plot of land and in possession of the free hold property in question. The area of the plot of land is 757.50 sq yds. It is the case of the petitioner that being interested in engaging the services of a reputable builder, the respondents reached out to the petitioner and expressed a desire to collaborate in the construction and development of the project, which is subject matter of the present proceedings.

5. Thus, a Memorandum of Understanding dated 03.03.2022 (hereinafter called "MOU") was entered into between the parties. The salient features of this MOU were that in consideration of getting 30% of total sale consideration of the resultant product and infrastructure facility, the petitioner would employ its technical expertise and resources and would bear the cost of construction and development of the property in question.

6. It was the understanding in the MOU that an initial amount of Rs.1 crore would be paid by the petitioner to the respondents. The respondents had taken a loan against the security of the subject property from Yes Bank Ltd. and the balance payable was a sum of Rs.40,291,247.61/-. It was the understanding that the sum payable to Yes Bank Ltd. would be paid by the petitioner and adjusted in the amounts payable as initial amounts to the respondents.

7. Thus, the petitioner has contended that the petitioner paid a sum of Rs.1 crore as per understanding of the respondents, which amount was duly encashed by the respondents. As per the petitioner, it has at all times been ready and willing to pay the balance amount in accordance with the MOU. Infact, the petitioner had caused to be prepared, cheques for the balance amount payable by way of initial amount from its bankers. It is the case of the petitioner that at that point of time, the petitioner had adequate balance in its accounts to make the said payment.

8. As per the petitioner, it was the understanding that respondent no. 1 would personally visit the office of the petitioner to collect the said cheques. However, on being notified that the said cheques were ready, respondent no. 1 began to state that he was suffering from high blood pressure

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