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2024 Supreme(Guj) 352

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
Sandeep N. Bhatt, J.
Hirenkumar Valjibhai Bhagat (Patel) & Ors. – Petitioners
Versus
Adani Green Energy (M.P.) Limited & Ors. – Respondents
R/Special Civil Application No. 5236 of 2024
Decided On : 02-04-2024

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Ms Poonam M Maheta
For the Respondent: Shashvata U Shukla

The court held that the petitioners failed to establish a prima facie case for an interim injunction, emphasizing the balance between property rights and public interest in infrastructure projects.

Headnote:(A) Specific Relief Act, 1963 - Sections 20A and 41(ha) - Interim injunction - Petitioners challenged the order quashing their interim injunction granted by the trial court regarding land ownership - Petitioners purchased land, but the respondent erected a windmill on it without authorization - The appellate court found that the petitioners failed to establish a prima facie case for the injunction, as the windmill was built on land allocated to the respondent - The court emphasized the need to balance the rights of property owners against the progress of infrastructure projects. (Paras 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9)

(B) Appeal - Scope of appellate review - The appellate court must not interfere with the trial court's discretion unless there is a clear error of law or fact - The court reiterated that the right to property is protected under Article 300-A of the Constitution, but must be balanced against public interest in infrastructure development. (Paras 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners, as registered owners of land, sought an interim injunction against the respondent, who had erected a windmill on their property without consent. The trial court granted the injunction, which was later quashed by the appellate court, leading to this petition.

Findings of Court:
The appellate court found that the petitioners did not establish a prima facie case for the injunction, as the windmill was on land allocated to the respondent.

Issues: The main issues were whether the petitioners had a prima facie case for the injunction and the balance of convenience between the parties.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the petitioners failed to demonstrate irreparable harm or a prima facie case, emphasizing the need to respect infrastructure projects while protecting property rights.

Result: Petition dismissed.

Judgement Key Points

Trial Court Injunction: The trial court granted interim injunction to petitioners under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 CPC, finding prima facie case, balance of convenience in their favor, and unauthorized erection of windmill on their land (Survey No. 148 paiki 1) despite allocation to respondent for Survey No. 147. (!) (!)

Appellate Court Order: The District Court quashed the injunction via Misc. Civil Appeal No. 42/2023 under Order XLIII Rule 1 CPC, holding petitioners failed to establish prima facie case, irreparable injury, or balance of convenience; noted windmill erected in 2021 before petitioners' 2022 purchase, overlapping surveys per DILR report, and no fault by parties but technical issues; applied Sections 20A and 41(ha) Specific Relief Act to bar injunction impeding infrastructure (energy project); directed Rs.15 lakhs deposit and expedited suit. (!) (!) (!) (!)

High Court Analysis and Dismissal: Under Article 227 Constitution, High Court upheld quashing, reiterating no prima facie case without compelling evidence, need for irreparable harm and favorable balance of convenience; emphasized Sections 20A, 41(ha) Specific Relief Act prohibit injunctions delaying infrastructure; found petitioners bought land post-erection with knowledge, disputes factual requiring trial; no interference warranted as appellate court balanced equities. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!)

Overall Ratio on Injunction: Petitioners failed to prove prima facie case or irreparable harm; property rights under Article 300A balanced against public interest in infrastructure, favoring no interim relief.[judgement_subject] (!)


JUDGMENT :

1. The present petition is filed by the petitioner – original plaintiffs by challenging the impugned order dated 29.02.2024 passed in Misc. Civil Application No.42 of 2023 by the Court of learned Principal District Judge, Kachchh, Bhuj, whereby the order of granting interim injunction, by allowing the application below Exh.5 in Regular Civil Suit No.21 of 2023 vide order dated 21.04.2023 passed of the Court of learned Principal Senior Civil Judge, Nakhatrana, was quashed and set aside by partly allowing the said application.

2. Brief facts of the case as per the case of the petitioners in this petition are as such that the present petitioners are the registered sale deed purchasers of the land bearing revenue survey No. 148 paiki 1 He-1-21-41 Sqr. Mtrs. of Mouje village Aamara, Taluka: Nakhatrana, District: Kutch (hereinafter referred as "the land in question" for short) and they have purchased the land in question by of registered sale deed being its index No. 39 of 2022 dated 07.01.2022, registered with the office of the Sub- Registrar, Nakhatrana. It is also the case of the present petitioners that the mutation entry recording the aforesaid registered sale transaction was mutated in the revenue record by of a mutation entry No. 1653 dated 07.01.2022 and the same was objected by the present respondent No.1 company namely Adani green energy limited, however, by discarding the said objections, the competent authority was pleased to certify the same by way of order dated 05.03.2022. Since the respondent No.1 company and its office bearers/authorized persons have started further encroaching the land in question, which is undisputedly of the ownership of the present petitioners, the present petitioners have instituted Regular Civil Suit No. 21 of 2023 before the court of learned Principal Senior Civil Judge, Nakhatrana for declaration and permanent injunction along with an interim injunction application at Exhibit 5. It is further the case of the present petitioners that the original defendant No.1 i.e. the present opponent No. 1 defendant company had appeared and filed objections/return statement vide Exhibit 20 and the original defendant Nos.2 to 4 had also produced certain documentary evidence at Exhibit 23. It is stated that after hearing the learned advocates appearing for the respective parties, and after considering the fact that the present petitioners had proved the prima facie case and the balance of convenience is in favour of the present petitioners and by establishing the fact that the original defendant company and its office bearers have not only encroached upon the land in question of the present petitioners but have also erected the Windmill, unauthorizedly by change of location of the survey number of the present petitioner and started using the land in question unauthorizedly, the learned court of principal senior civil judge Nakhatrana vide order dated 21.04.2023. It is further the case of the petitoners in this petition that being aggrieved and dissatisfied with the aforesaid interim injunction granted by the learned trial court, the original defendant No. 1 namely Adani Green Energy Limited had challenge the same and filed Misc. Civil Appeal No.42 of 2023 along with an application for delay condonation, before learned District And Sessions Court, Kutch at Bhuj. It is further the case of the petitoners in this petition that the court of learned principal District Judge, Kutch at Bhuj allowed the same vide order dated 29.02.2024, whereby the learned District Court had passed the order by quashing and setting aside the interim injunction granted below Exhibit 5 vide order dated 21.04.2023 by court of learned principal senior civil judge, Nakhatrana in Regular Civil Suit No. 21 of 2023. Hence, this petition has been preferred.

3. Heard Mr. P.R. Abichandani, the learned counsel with Ms. Poonam Maheta, the learned counsel for the petitioners, Mr. Anshin H. Desai, the learned senior counsel with Mr. Shashva

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