GAUHATI HIGH COURT
S.N.Phukan, J.
Mahamad Biloo -Appellant
Versus
Kirti Nath Gogoi -Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 47 of 1980
Decided On : 21-01-1986
CRIMINAL LAW - SECTION 79 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE - PROTECTION FROM LIABILITY - ACTING IN GOOD FAITH - DEMOLITION OF UNAUTHORIZED CONSTRUCTION - ORDER OF EXECUTIVE MAGISTRATE - ABSENCE OF MENS REA.
Fact of the Case:
The appellant, a shopkeeper, filed a complaint against the respondent, an overseer of the Jorhat Municipal Board, for demolishing his shop and taking away his goods. The trial court acquitted the respondent, holding that he was protected under section 79 of the Indian Penal Code, which provides protection from liability for acts done in good faith under the belief that they are justified by law.
Finding of the Court:
The High Court upheld the trial court's decision, holding that the respondent had acted in good faith and without mens rea (criminal intent) in demolishing the appellant's shop. The Court found that the respondent had acted under the orders of an Executive Magistrate and that he had no dishonest intention or intention to cause wrongful loss or damage to the appellant.
Issues: 1. Whether the respondent was entitled to protection under section 79 of the Indian Penal Code. 2. Whether the prosecution had proved the charges against the respondent under sections 379 and 426 of the Indian Penal Code.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. Section 79 of the Indian Penal Code provides protection from liability for acts done in good faith under the belief that they are justified by law. 2. The prosecution failed to prove that the respondent had acted with mens rea (criminal intent) in demolishing the appellant's shop. 3. The respondent had acted under the orders of an Executive Magistrate and had no dishonest intention or intention to cause wrongful loss or damage to the appellant.
Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed.
2. The complainant's case is that he was running a shop in the left corner of the Jorhat Fish market -after obtaining due permission of the Jorhat Municipal Board But on 6.11.78 the accused-respondent along with some labourers of the Municipality demolished his shop and took away all goods and articles worth about Rs. 775/-. Complainant has also alleged that he sustained a total loss of Rs. 13,000/-. The complainant filed a complaint petition before the court and the court after making preliminary inquiry issued summons against the accused-respondent under sections 379/427 of the Indian Penal Code. After examining the witnesses on behalf of the complainant the trial court framed charges under the aforesaid sections against the accused person to which be pleaded not guilty.
3. Five witnesses were examined on behalf of the complainant. Statement of the accused person was duly recorded who stated that as per orders of the Executive Magistrate and in the presence of the said Magistrate he demolished the construction in question with the help of labourers of the Municipality. He has further stated that he removed the articles to the office of the Municipality. On witness was examined on behalf of the accused. It is an admitted fact that at the relevant time the Municipality, which was superseded, was under the control of the State Government.
4. The learned trial court after considering the entire evidence on record found the accused person not guilty on the ground that the accused is not liable for the occurrence and he is protected under the law'. He relied on the provisions of section 78 of the Indian Penal Code while arriving at the above decision.
5. Sri Mannan, learned Counsel for the appellant has urged that the construction in question was demolished by the Municipality in violation of the provisions of law and without giving reasonable opportunity to the complainant. He has further contended that in view of this, the demolition of the construction is illegal inasmuch as the order itself was not a valid and legal order. According to him the accused cannot get protection under section 79 of the Indian Penal Code as the demolition of construction by the accused was not done in good faith. In support of his contention that the order of demolition is illegal, the learned Counsel has drawn the attention of this Court to Parama Singh vs. Shi I long Municipal Board, AIR 1964 Assam 180.
6. In Parama Singh (supra) the question arose regarding the order passed by the Magistrate under the Assam Municipal Act, 1956 directing the petitioner to remove his stall. While allowing the petition this Court observed that the function of the Magistrate being judicial it is necessary for him to investigate into the correctness of the stand taken by the Municipal Board and determine whether there is any substance in the objection which can be done only after giving notice to the persons affected-This case is not relevant for the purpose of instant case as this is a criminal prosecution under sections 379/427 I P.C. against the accused who was an Overseer of the Jorhat Municipal Board at the relevant time. If the appellant-complainant was dissatisfied with the order of the Municipal Board or if no notice was served on him his remedy lies elsewhere. In the present case the Court has to determine whether the prosecution has been able to prove the charges against the respondent-accused. Incidentally it may also be mentioned that on perusal of the evidence of Md. Abdul Samad (P.W. 2) it transpires that before the demolition of the construction he had approached the Deputy Commissioner against the order of demolition with a petition which was forwarded to the Office of the Jorhat Municipal Board. I refrain from mak
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