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2024 Supreme(Gau) 833

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GAUHATI, ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH
HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE MANISH CHOUDHURY, HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE ROBIN PHUKAN, JJ.
Bishnu Urangia – Appellant
Versus
The State of Assam – Respondent
Criminal Appeal (J) No. 77 of 2020
Decided On : 20-06-2024

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : A. Tewari.
For the Respondents: B. Bhuyan, R. Das.

A confession made to a police officer is inadmissible, and in circumstantial evidence cases, the prosecution must establish a complete and unbroken chain of evidence for conviction.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 383 - Indian Penal Code - Sections 300 and 302 - Uxoricide - Accused-appellant convicted of uxoricide and sentenced to life imprisonment and fine, later appealed - Key issues included admissibility of confession made in police presence and circumstantial evidence standards - Court found failure to prove the chain of circumstances needed for conviction and established the accused's entitlement to benefit of doubt. (Paras 19, 41, 43)

Facts of the case:
The accused was charged with murdering his wife, with evidence including his appearance at the police station with a blood-stained dao and a confession to witnesses. Key evidence was circumstantial, lacking direct witnesses to the murder. (Paras 1, 20-40)

Findings of Court:
Insufficient evidence established a complete chain necessary to convict the accused, thus allowing for his acquittal. (Paras 41-43)

Issues: Main questions involved whether the confession was admissible and if the circumstantial evidence met the necessary standards for conviction. (Paras 26, 29)

Ratio Decidendi: The court noted that a confession to a police officer is inadmissible, emphasizing the need for a complete chain of circumstantial evidence to convict, which was not established here. (Paras 25, 41-42)

Result: Appeals allowed. Conviction and sentence set aside. (Paras 43-44)

Table of Content
1. factual account of the murder incident. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. details of post-mortem findings. (Para 6 , 7)
3. process of investigation and charge framing. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
4. arguments presented by parties regarding evidence. (Para 12 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. consideration of evidence and testimonies. (Para 18 , 19)
6. examination of confession admissibility and circumstantial evidence. (Para 20 , 25 , 28 , 30)
7. admissibility of confessions obtained by police custody was central to legal conclusions. (Para 26)
8. discussion on non-examination of key witnesses. (Para 34 , 35 , 39)
9. principles governing circumstantial evidence in criminal cases. (Para 41 , 42)
10. conclusion and acquittal based on insufficient evidence. (Para 43 , 44 , 45 , 46)

JUDGMENT :

MANISH CHOUDHURY, J.

1. The present criminal appeal from Jail under Section 383 , Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is preferred by the accused-appellant to assail a Judgment and Order dated 06.12.2019 passed by the learned Sessions Judge, Dibrugarh in Sessions Case no. 14/2016. During the trial, the accused-appellant was charged for the offence of uxoricide and after the trial, he has been found guilty for the offence of uxoricide under Section 300 of INDIAN PENAL CODE [‘IPC’ or ‘Penal Code’, for short] and has been sentenced under Section 302 , IPC. By the Judgment and Order, the accused-appellant has been sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs. 1,000/-, in default of payment of fine, to undergo rigorous imprisonment for another one month.

2. The genesis of the prosecution case is traceable to a General Diary Entry no. 88 dated 04.10.2015 registered at 12-27 p.m. in Namrup Police Station. It was at about 12-27 p.m. on 04.10.2015, the President of Village Defence Party [VDP] of Abhoypur Village, Mukut Gogoi [P.W.2] made a telephone call to Namrup Police Station to inform about the killing of Mrinali Urangia by the accused, after he came to know about it from the villagers. On receipt of the telephonic information, the General Diary Entry no. 88 dated 04.10.2015 [Ext.-13] was registered and the charge of investigation was entrusted to Deepak Sutradhar [P.W.9], a Sub-Inspector of Police attached to Namrup Police Station by the Officer In-Charge, Namrup Police Station. As the place of occurrence [P.O.] was the house of the accused and the deceased, the I.O. [P.W.9] proceeded to the P.O. immediately thereafter by registering a General Diary Entry no. 89 dated 04.10.2015 at 12-40 p.m. As the deadbody of the deceased, Mrinali Urangia was found lying in a vegetable garden in the backside of the house of the accused and the deceased, the inquest on the deadbody was held at the P.O. itself by the Circle Officer & Executive Magistrate, Naharkatia Revenue Circle. After completion of the inquest proceeding, an Inquest Report [Ext.-1] was prepared wherein the prosecution witness, Rajendra Urangia [P.W.1], Mukut Gogoi [P.W.2], Tankeswar Gogoi [P.W.3] and Deepak Sutradhar [P.W.9] signed as witnesses. In the Inquest Report [Ext.-1], it was reported that the approximate date and time of death was 11-00 a.m. on 04.10.2015. In the Inquest Report [Ext.-1], it was further recorded that the deadbody was found covered with blood stains, with grievous injuries over the cheek and neck, right hand and over the abdomen, allegedly with sharp weapon. After holding inquest, the deadbody of the deceased was sent to the Assam Medical College & Hospital [AMC&H], Dibrugarh for post-mortem examination.

3. It was the son of the accused, P.W.1, Rajendra Urangia who brought the allegation of uxoricide against the accused formally by appearing in person in Namrup Police Station at 06-30 p.m. on 04.10.2015. On the basis of information given by P.W.1 -Rajendra Urangia, the Officer In-Charge, Namrup Police Station registered and entered another entry in the General Diary vide General Diary Entry no. 98 dated 04.10.2015 [Ext.-9]. As per the said General Diary Entry, the P.W.

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