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2026 Supreme(Gau) 62

THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
SUSMITA PHUKAN KHAUND, BUDI HABUNG, JJ.
Shri Adungfa Jebisow, S/o Gandhi Jebisow – Appellant
Versus
The State of Arunachal Pradesh, represented by the Addl. P.P.
CRL.A(J) 34 of 2023
Decided On : 09-01-2026

Advocates appeared:
Advocate for the Appellant: Mr. Jumgam Jini
Advocate for the State Respondent: Mr. Token Ete, Addl.P.P

Murder conviction upheld on circumstantial evidence via complete chain: homicidal death, last seen together, false explanation, body concealment, corroborated confessions, medical proof of fatal injuries indicating intent to kill, despite no eyewitness or FSL.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302 and 304 - Murder - Conviction based entirely on circumstantial evidence upheld despite absence of eyewitnesses - Complete unbroken chain of circumstances proved: homicidal death due to brain hemorrhage from multiple contusions, fracture and assault on vital parts; deceased last seen with accused inside house amid quarrels; accused gave false information that deceased had fled, concealed body under bed; extra-judicial confession to village head; voluntary judicial confession; weapons recovered on accused's disclosure; medical evidence corroborating blunt force injuries - Intention to cause death inferred from nature, number and severity of injuries sufficient in ordinary course to cause death - Offence falls under Section 300 Thirdly - Life imprisonment with fine affirmed. (Paras 16-28)

(B) Evidence - Circumstantial evidence - Principles: circumstances fully proved; consistent only with guilt; conclusive nature; exclude every possible hypothesis except guilt; complete chain leaving no reasonable ground for innocence. (Para 17)

(C) Confessions - Extra-judicial - Weak evidence but reliable if voluntary, truthful and corroborated by medical evidence and circumstances. (Para 18(iv))

(D) Confessions - Judicial under CrPC Section 164 and admissions under Section 313 - Basis for conviction if voluntary and corroborated. (Paras 18(v)-(vii)) (E) Investigation - Defects including no FSL examination of seized weapons, no disclosure memo under Evidence Act Section 27 - Not ground for acquittal if guilt proved beyond reasonable doubt by other evidence. (Paras 19-20)

Facts of the case:
Deceased wife found dead in rented house with bluish body from assault, hair cut, injuries on face; accused husband suspected after informing owner deceased fled, body discovered hidden under bed; accused confessed assaulting her in anger after she returned home intoxicated; trial court convicted under Section 302 IPC sentencing life imprisonment; jail appeal filed.

Findings of Court:
Prosecution proved case beyond reasonable doubt; chain of circumstances complete pointing solely to accused's guilt; conviction and sentence of life imprisonment with fine of Rs.10,000/- and default imprisonment affirmed.

Issues: Whether complete chain of circumstances established for murder conviction absent eyewitnesses; reliability and corroboration of extra-judicial, judicial confessions and admissions; whether offence under Section 302 or 304 IPC; impact of investigative defects.

Ratio Decidendi: Circumstantial evidence suffices for conviction if proved circumstances form complete chain consistent only with guilt, excluding innocence hypothesis; corroborated by voluntary confessions, accused's conduct, medical evidence; multiple injuries on vital parts prove murderous intention notwithstanding claim of sudden anger.

Result: Jail appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. spousal murder fir and trial conviction background. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. appellate re-appreciation; sharad birdhichand circumstantial principles. (Para 6 , 9 , 16 , 17)
3. no eyewitness; weak confessions warrant acquittal. (Para 7)
4. circumstantial evidence includes last seen, confessions, recovery. (Para 8)
5. witnesses confirm quarrels, discovery, homicidal injuries, disclosures. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
6. proved circumstances: death, last seen, conduct, confessions. (Para 18)
7. defective investigation not fatal to conviction. (Para 19 , 20)
8. multiple injuries suffice for section 300 thirdly murder. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
9. unbroken chain proves exclusive accused guilt. (Para 25 , 26 , 27)
10. appeal dismissed; 302 ipc sentence upheld. (Para 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)

JUDGMENT & ORDER (CAV)

[Budi Habung, J]

The present jail appeal arises out of the judgment and order dated 21.12.2022, whereby the learned Trial Court convicted the appellant for the offence punishable under Section 302 of the IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment with a fine of Rs. 10,000/-, and in default thereof, to suffer simple imprisonment for two months.

2. The facts leading to the conviction of the accused and the filing of the present jail appeal are that on 27.10.2021, PW-4, Shri Dilip Khaduju, lodged a written FIR before the Officer-in-Charge of Bhalukpong Police Station, stating that he came to know from Shri Sitow Jebisow, Gaon Burah (PW-3), that Lukhi Das (the deceased), who was married to Adungfa Jebisow (the accused), was found dead in the rented house. Accordingly, they went to the house and saw the dead body of the deceased. Her hair had been cut, and her entire body appeared bluish due to assault with an iron rod, etc. Injury marks were also seen on the right side of her face. They suspected that she had been murdered by her husband, who had earlier told the owner of the rented house (PW-3) that his wife had fled away.

3. Accordingly, a case was registered under Section 302 of IPC, investigated into, and upon completion of investigation, charge sheet was submitted against the accused for commission of offence punishable under section 302 IPC.

4. To bring home to the charge, the prosecution has examined as many as 6 (six) witnesses and also relied upon some document duly proved during the course of the trial. After completion of prosecution evidences, the accused was examined and his statement recorded under Section 313 of Cr.P.C. The accused although did not fully and directly admit his guilt but did not plead innocent either. The accused examined two defense witnesses including himself.

5. Upon completion of the trial, the learned Sessions Judge found that the prosecution had proved its case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt. The accused was found guilty of committing an offence punishable under Section 302 of the IPC. Accordingly, by the impugned judgment and order dated 21.12.2022, the accused was convicted and sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/- only, and in default of payment of fine, to further undergo simple imprisonment for two months for the offence under Section 302 of the IPC, against which the present jail appeal has been filed.

6. We have heard Mr. Jumgam Jini, the learned Legal Aid Counsel for the appellant and Mr. Token Ete, learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the state respondent.

SUBMISSION OF THE LEARNED LEGAL COUNSEL FOR THE APPELLANT

7. The learned legal Aid counsel for the appellant contended that there is no eye-witness to the incident, and thus, the conviction of the accused is based purely on suspicion. He further contended that the extra judicial confession and admission during his examination under 313 Cr.P.C based on which the appellant has been convicted is a weak piece of evidence. He further contended that in the instant case the motive of a convict is not conclusively proved. He further contended that the absence of eye-witne

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