High Court of Kerala
P. JOSEPH
P.K. Omana
Versus
Francis Edwin
O.P.(C) No. 2949 of 2011
Decided on : 31-10-2011
Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Section. 60 - Motor Vehicles Act 1988 - Sections.166 & 168 - Fatal Accidents Act 1855 - Section. 1A - Succession Act 1925 - Section.306 - Accident Claim - Compensation - Whether judgment debtor dies in a motor accident and Tribunal awards compensation, whether the amount awarded for loss of dependency and pecuniary loss is attachable ? Distinction between 'loss of estate' and 'loss to the estate' ? Whether amount awarded as loss of estate and for pain and suffering can be attached ? Whether amount awarded for funeral expenses and transportation expenses can be attached ? Appeal - Held, There is fundamental distinction between 'loss of estate', and 'loss to the estate'. Loss of 'benefit to the estate' of the deceased is the loss arising to the estate under the heads of mental and physical pain, loss of expectation of life and loss of amenities. The said amounts are payable to the legal heirs under the provisions of the Legal Representatives Suits Act, 1855 read with S.306 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925. S.1A of the Fatal Accidents Act deals with the right of legal heirs to claim compensation as referred to therein. It is seen that though in the headwise account of 'compensation for loss of dependency and estate' the Tribunal has awarded Rs. 13,20,000/-, that amount is the financial loss suffered by petitioners on account of the untimely death of 1st judgment debtor in the accident, for, it is clear from the award that the Tribunal has assessed the monthly income of the deceased at Rs. 12,602/-, deducted certain amount for his personal expenses and fixed the monthly dependency of petitioner at Rs. 11,000/-. Taking the appropriate multiplier since the deceased 1st judgment debtor was aged 42 years, the pecuniary loss suffered by the dependents (here, petitioners) was fixed at Rs. 13,20,000/-. Hence it is clear that though the head is stated as 'compensation for loss of dependency and estate' the sum of Rs. 13,20,000/-represents loss of dependency of petitioners on account of death of the 1st judgment debtor in the accident. Hence no amount is attachable from Rs. 13,20,000/- as if it forms part of loss of estate as well - On death of judgment debtor in a motor accident, Tribunal awarding compensation - Amount awarded as loss of estate and for pain and suffering can be attached - On death of judgment debtor in a motor accident, Tribunal awarding compensation - Amount awarded for funeral expenses and transportation expenses can be attached only if it is shown that those amounts were spent out of assets of deceased - Petition is allowed
1. 1st respondent obtained a decree for recovery of money against the deceased 1st judgment debtor in the year 2002. 1st judgment debtor met with a motor accident and succumbed to the injuries on 4.5.2004. Petitioners who are his legal heirs filed O.P. (M.V.) No. 1736 of 2004 before the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal, Ernakulam (for short, "the Tribunal") and obtained Ext.P10, award for recovery of `13,60,000/- by way of compensation. After the death of the 1st judgment debtor, petitioners were impleaded in E.P. No. 235 of 2010 (in OS No. 293 of 2000) as additional judgment debtors. 1st respondent filed E.A. No. 959 of 2010 to attach `2,10,000/- from the amount awarded by the Tribunal and payable to the petitioners. After hearing both sides, learned Sub Judge dismissed E.A. No. 959 of 2010 holding that no amount payable to the petitioners as per Ext.P10, award could be attached as it is not the property of the deceased 1st judgment debtor. Thereafter placing reliance on the observations in paragraphs 8 and 9 of the decision in E.S.I. Corporation v. Rajagopal Textile Mills (P) Ltd., (2006 (4) KLT 730), 1st respondent sought review of the order on E.A. No. 959 of 2010 vide E.A. No. 1214 of 2010. Learned Sub Judge allowed that application, reviewed the order on E.A. No. 959 of 2010 and attached `2,10,000/-payable to the petitioners from the amount awarded by, Ext.P10, award. The order on E.A. No. 1214 of 2010 is under challenge in this Original Petition.
2. When the matter came up for hearing, after hearing both sides this Court passed an interim order on 6.9.2011 granting stay except to the extent of `15,000/- from the amount in deposit which the 1st respondent was allowed to withdraw.
3. It is contended by learned counsel for petitioners that the amount attached represents pecuniary loss suffered by petitioners as dependents and legal heirs of the deceased 1st judgment debtor consequent to his death in the motor accident, it is not the property of the deceased 1st judgment debtor, it is the property of petitioners who have no personal liability to the 1st respondent and hence the said amount is not attachable. According to the learned counsel, only compensation awarded by way of loss of estate of the deceased 1st judgment debtor could be attached. Reliance is placed on the decisions in Smt. Lakshmisagar Reddy v. Controller of Estate Duty, Hyderabad, (1980 (123) ITR 601), The Chairman, A.P.S.R.T.C., Hyderabad v. Smt. Shafiya Khatoon and Ors. (AIR 1985 A.P. 83) and Janaki and Others v. Prabath Finance, (AIR 1986 Mad. 273). Learned counsel also invited my attention to the meaning of the expression 'decedent's estate' from Blacks Law Dictionary, 9th Edition.
4. Learned counsel for 1st respondent would rely on the observations in para.11 of Gobald Motor Service Ltd. and Anr. v. R.M.K. Veluswami and Ors. (AIR 1962 SC 1), Lakshmi v. Chairman, K.S.R.T.C. (1983 KLT 842) (para.5) and Kumaran v. Mohammed Khader (1994 (2) KLT 409) (para.8). My attention is also drawn to S.1A of the Fatal Accidents Act to contend that learned Sub Judge is justified in attaching `2,10,000/-which forms part of loss of estate of the deceased. It is also contended by the learned counsel that the said amount is payable to the legal heirs by virtue of S.1A of the Fatal Accidents Act.
5. To resolve the issue it is necessary to refer to Ext.P10, award passed by the Tribunal in OP (MV) No. 1736 of 2004 in favour of the petitioners. In paragraph 11, the Tribunal has given the headwise account under which compensation was awarded to the petitioners. The first head is "compensation for loss of dependency and estate", the amount awarded being `13,20,000/- for loss of estate, another sum of `5,000/-is awarded and for pain and suffering of the deceased, `5,000/-is awarded. The other amounts awarded include transportation expenses, funeral expenses, compensation for loss of love and affection (of the children) and loss of consortium to the widow of the deceased
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