RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT
Vinit Kumar Mathur, J.
Pola Singh - Appellant
Versus
Firm Babu Singh Bhagwant Singh - Respondent
S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 6123 of 2019
Decided On : 21-09-2022
Evidence - Promissory Note - Section 45 of the Evidence Act - The court upheld the lower courts' decisions, emphasizing the importance of timely objections and the potential for delay in proceedings when seeking additional expert opinions.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner challenged the rejection of their application to have a Promissory Note examined by an independent handwriting expert after a report from a previously agreed expert favored the respondent.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the petitioner had initially agreed to the expert's appointment and failed to object at that time, thus the subsequent request for a different expert was seen as a tactic to delay proceedings.
Issues: Whether the lower courts erred in rejecting the petitioner's application for a second handwriting examination.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the petitioner’s prior acquiescence to the expert's appointment precluded them from later objecting to the report, and allowing further examination would unnecessarily delay the proceedings.
Result: The writ petition is dismissed.
ORDER
1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. The present writ petition has been filed against the order dated 26.11.2016 passed by the Debt Recovery Court, Sri Ganganagar, whereby the application preferred by the petitioner-non-applicant under Section 45 of the Evidence Act was dismissed and the order dated 27.02.2019 passed by the District Judge, Sri Ganganagar rejecting the revision petition of the petitioner.
3. Briefly, the facts giving rise to the present writ petition are that the respondent-applicant preferred a suit for recovery of money from the petitioner and during the pendency of the suit, an application was preferred by the respondent-applicant to the effect that the Promissory Note may be got examined from a Handwriting Expert for the purpose of matching the signatures of the petitioner and the respondent. The petitioner filed reply to the said application. Learned trial court after hearing the parties, allowed the application and the Promissory Note/the document in question was sent to one Shri Anil Kumar Gupta, Handwriting Expert for reporting the matter with respect to the matching of the signatures on the document (Promissory Note). After the report was received, it came to the knowledge of the petitioner that Shri Anil Kumar Gupta, Handwriting Expert is an arranged witness of the respondent-applicant and thus, he submitted a report favouring the case of the respondent. In these circumstances, the petitioner preferred one more application before the trial court with a prayer that the documents which were got examined by Shri Anil Kumar Gupta, as Handwriting Expert, should be got examined from one more independent Agency situated at Jodhpur or Jaipur. This application preferred by the petitioner was rejected by the trial court vide order dated 26.11.2016, against which, the petitioner preferred a revision petition and the same too was rejected by the Revisional Authority i.e. District Judge, Sriganganagar vide its order dated 27.02.2019.
4. Learned counsel for the petitioner submits that both the Courts below committed an error while rejecting the application for getting the documents examined from an independent Agency. He further submits that no prejudice or loss will be caused to the respondent, if the documents are examined from an independent Handwriting Expert of the Government department located at Jodhpur or Jaipur. Learned counsel submits that in other matters also, which are pending before different Agencies, such practice has been adopted by the respondent for taking a favourable report from Mr. Anil Kumar Gupta. He, therefore, prays that the writ petition may be allowed, the impugned orders may kindly be quashed and set aside and the documents may be ordered to be got examined from the Government Forensic Authorities located at Jaipur or Jodhpur within a specific time frame.
5. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondent submits that on the application preferred for sending the Promissory Note for examination to the Handwriting Expert- Shri Anil Kumar Gupta, no objection was raised by the petitioner and an order to that effect was passed by the learned trial court. In pursuance of the directions issued by the trial court, a report was prepared by Shri Anil Kumar Gupta and the same was presented before the trial court. He further submits that since the report has gone against the present petitioner, an application, to delay the proceedings and not to pay the amount due to the respondent, has been filed. Learned counsel submits that the revisional court also examined the matter and rightly came to the conclusion that despite the opportunities having been given to the petitioner, though the petitioner filed the reply but not objected to the name of Shri Anil Kumar Gupta for getting a report on the matching of the signatures on the Promissory Note, thus, if one more time, the document is sent for examination to any other Expert, then it will delay the proceedings of disposal of the application and
AI
The repeated failure to avail opportunities granted by the court to lead evidence can amount to an abuse of process of law and delay the final adjudication of a suit.
The handwriting expert's report cannot be discarded if it pertains to a relevant aspect of the matter, and the accused has the opportunity to challenge the report.
Any party asserting an issue is entitled under law to bring on record all and any evidence in its power, custody, and possession before the Court to make good its case.
The absence of contemporaneous admitted signatures renders a request for handwriting analysis of disputed signatures unjustified, emphasizing the burden of proof on the petitioner.
A party's right to a fair trial includes the ability to challenge evidence through proper legal procedures, particularly concerning disputed signatures in cheque dishonour cases.
Expert opinion – Power to seek expert opinion under Section 45 of Evidence Act, 1872 is discretionary and depends on facts of each case – Courts can refuse expert opinion only when no doubt exists re....
The main legal point established in the judgment is the importance of expert opinions on identity of handwriting and the comparison of signatures, as provided under Section 45 and Section 73 of the I....
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the discretion to allow or reject belated applications under Sec. 45 of the Indian Evidence Act lies with the Court, and no hard and fast rule....
Review petitions must be timely and supported by substantive rationale; undue delays in seeking to reopen evidence can prejudice the rights of other parties.
The filing of a review petition and the conduct of the parties in delaying the adjudication of the suit.
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