2001 Supreme(Raj) 1238
Supreme Court
D.P. MOHAPATRA & DORAISWAMY RAJU, JJ.
Madhegowda (D) by LRs. - Appellant
Versus
Ankegowda (D) by LRs. & Ors. - Respondents
Civil Appeal Nos. 5652-5633 of 1998
Decided On : November 20, 2001
Pranab Kumar Mullick, Advocate, for Appellants
Headnote:Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, Sec. 11 – Defecto guardian and or defacto manager of a Hindu Minors estate – Powers of – The transfer of the minors interest by her elder sister (a defecto guardian/manager) is per se invalid – The existence or otherwise of legal necessity is not relevant in the case of such invalid transfer – A transfer of such an alienation does not acquire any interest in the property. (Paras 14, 20 & 22)
It is clear that with the avowed object of saving the minors estate being misappropriated or squandered by any person, by a relation or a family friend claiming to be a well-wisher of the minor, Section 11 was enacted to prohibit any such person from alienating the property of the minor. Even a natural guardian is required to seek permission of the Court before alienating any part of the estate of the minor and the Court is not to grant such permission to the natural guardian except in case of necessity or for an evident advantage to the minor. So far as de facto guardian or de facto manager is concerned, the statute has in no uncertain terms prohibited any transfer of any part of minors estate by such a person. In view of the clear statutory mandate, there is little scope for doubt that any transfer in violation of the prohibition incorporated in Section 11 of the Act is ab initio void. (Para 14)
(2). Smt. Sakamma attained majority sometime in 1961-62. She sold her share of the property to Ankegowda, predecessor of respondent Nos. 1 to 9 herein, by the registered Sale Deed dated 1.7.1967. Since there was a dispute regarding possession of the property, Ankegowda initiated a proceeding under Section 145 of the Criminal Procedure Code before the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Srirangapatna which was registered as Criminal Misc. 7/67-68. In the said proceeding, the learned Magistrate held that the appellant was in possession of the property on the date of the preliminary order and he would continue to remain in possession of the same till dispossessed by the competent Court.
(3). Thereafter Ankegowda (plaintiff) filed Original Suit No. 69/69, in the Court of the Munsif, Srirangapatna seeking a declaration of title, for partition of the share of his vendor Smt. Sakamma and for delivery of possession of the same to him citing Smt. Sakamma (defendant No. 1), Smt. Madamma (defendant No. 2) and S. Madhegowda (defendant No. 3) as parties. The Learned Munsif dismissed the suit. The appeal filed by Ankegowda, Regular Appeal No. 44/78, in the Court of the Civil Judge, Srirangapatna proved unsuccessful. The learned Civil Judge concurred with the findings of the learned Munsif and dismissed the appeal by his judgment dated 24.7.1979.
(4). The trial Court and the First Appellate Court dismissed the suit on recording the concurrent finding that Smt. Sakamma (Defendant No. 1) had no valid title in the property on 1.7.1967, the date on which she executed the registered sale deed in favour of the plaintiff, since her interest in the suit property had already been sold in favour of S. Madhegowda (Defendant No. 3) by the registered sale deed dated 24.4.1961 executed by her sister Smt. Madamma (Defendant No. 2). The Courts further held that Smt. Sakamma could not have validly sold the suit property to the plaintiff without getting the sale deed dated 24.4.1961 annulled by filing a suit within three years of attaining majority. The decisions were based on the notion that the sale deed executed by Smt. Madamma in favour of Madhegowda was not void but voidable only.
(5). Respondent Nos. 1 to 9, successors-in-interest of Ankegowda, filed Regular Second Appeal No. 1134/79 in the High Court of Karnataka challenging the judgment/decree of the trial Court as confirmed by the First Appellate Court. The High Court by its judgment rendered on 11.01.1993 allowed the second appeal, set aside the judgment/decree of the Courts below and held that the respondents 1 to 9 are entitled to half-share in the suit property, ordered for partition and delivery of possession of their share out of the same. The application filed for review of the judgment C.P. (FR) No. 937/97 was dismissed by the order dated 8.9.1997. Hence, these appeals by the defendant.
(6). The question that falls for determination in the case relates to competence of Smt. Madamma to sell the interest of her minor sister Smt. Sakamma in the property as her guardian. If the question is answered in the affirmative and it is held that Smt. Madamma was competent to alienate the share of her minor sister as her guardian, then the trial Court and the first Appellate Court were right in holding that the transaction of sale was voidable one and Smt. Sakamma having failed to rep