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1991 Supreme(Mad) 647

High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE A. ABDUL HADI & THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE VENKATASWAMI
Dhanasekaran - Appellant
Versus
Manoranjithammal and Others - Respondents
Appeal No. 1198 of 1979
Decided On : 06 September 1991

Appearing Advocates:M. N. Padmanabhan, V. R. Gopalan, Advocates.

Headnote:

HINDU MINORITY AND GUARDIANSHIP ACT - SECTION 8 - SALE OF MINOR'S PROPERTY BY DE FACTO GUARDIAN - VALIDITY - SECTION 11 - APPLICABILITY TO UNDIVIDED INTEREST OF MINOR IN JOINT FAMILY PROPERTY - INTERPRETATION.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff, a minor, filed a suit to set aside a sale of his 3/4th share in a property effected by his mother, the 1st defendant, when he was a minor, on the ground that the sale was hit by Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, since the mother did not obtain the previous permission from the Court as contemplated in the said Section. The defendants contended that the property being the joint family property, the said Section was not attracted and that the sale having been effected for legal necessity of the family, should be upheld as valid.

Finding of the Court:

The Court held that the plaintiff's 1/4th share, which he inherited from his father on his death, was his separate property and his other 1/2 share, which he got from his father on a notional partition, was to be treated as his separate property. Therefore, Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act would operate in respect of both the above said 1/4th and 1/2 share belonging to the minor, and the permission contemplated therein having not been obtained, the said sale under Ex. B.4 in so far as the plaintiff's above said 1/2 + 1/4 = 3/4 share is concerned, has to be necessarily set aside since no prior permission from the Court was obtained under S. 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act.

Issues: 1. Whether Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 applies to the sale of the minor's 3/4th share in the property? 2. Whether the mother, as the de facto guardian of the minor, could sell the minor's undivided interest in the joint family property without obtaining the prior permission of the Court under Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act? 3. Whether Section 11 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, which prohibits a de facto guardian from dealing with the property of a Hindu minor, applies to the undivided interest of a minor in the joint family property?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 applies to the sale of the minor's 3/4th share in the property, as the said share is the minor's separate property and not joint family property. 2. The mother, as the de facto guardian of the minor, could not sell the minor's undivided interest in the joint family property without obtaining the prior permission of the Court under Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, as the said section operates in respect of both the minor's separate property and his undivided interest in the joint family property. 3. Section 11 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, which prohibits a de facto guardian from dealing with the property of a Hindu minor, applies to the undivided interest of a minor in the joint family property, as the said section does not contain any restriction with reference to the property of a Hindu minor.

Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, the judgment and decree of the Court below were set aside and the suit was decreed as prayed for. However, in the circumstances of the case, no costs throughout.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - (!) - [21000171570018]

What is the applicability of Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 to the sale of a minor's undivided interest in joint family property?

What are the consequences of a de facto guardian (the mother) selling a minor's share in joint family property without prior court permission under Section 8?

What is the effect and scope of Section 11 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 on a minor's undivided interest in joint family property when dealt with by a de facto guardian?


Judgment :-

ABDUL HADI, J.

This appeal has been posted before us on being referred to by Bellie, J., since the view he is taking on the question involved in the appeal is in conflict with the view taken by Ratnam, J., in his decision reported in Pattayi Padayachi v. Subbaraya Padayachi, (1980) 2 Mad LJ 296.

2. This appeal is by the plaintiff against the dismissal of his suit O.S. No. 296 of 1975 on the file of Sub Court, Cuddalore praying for setting aside the sale under Ex. B.4 dated 2-8-1961, effected by his mother when he was a minor, in so far is his 3/4th share therein is concerned and for partition and separate possession of the said share. The question to be answered is whether the said sale is hit by S. 8 of The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 since admittedly the plaintiff's mother did not obtain the previous permission from the Court as contemplated in the said Section, and consequently whether the plaintiff could avoid the said sale with reference to his above said 3/4th share. The contention of the learned Counsel for the plaintiff Mr. M.N. Padmanabhan is that S. 8 operates and the plaintiff could avoid the sale. On the other hand, the contention of the learned Counsel for the defendants 3 to 10 (respondents 2 to 9 herein) who are the legal representatives of the deceased 2nd defendant, the vendee under the above said Sale deed Mr. V. R. Gopalan, is that the said property being the joint family property, the said Section is not attracted that consequently the above said permission from the Court is not called for and that the said sale having been effected for legal necessity of the family, should be upheld as valid as the Court below has done.

3. The lst defendant (lst respondent review) is the plaintiff's mother and under the said sale, she sold not only the above said 3/4th share belonging to the plaintiff on his behalf, she also sold her own 1/4th share therein. She remained ex parte both in the Court below and in this Court.

4. Admittedly, the above said property was a joint family property of the family of' one Rajamanickam Padayachi, his son, the plaintiff and his wife, the 1st defendant, till his death in 1960, after the coming into force of the Hindu Succession Act of 1956, leaving behind his said widow the lst defendant and his son, the plaintiff. There is also no dispute that pursuant to Section 6 proviso and Explanation therein read with Sec. 8 of the said Act, a notional partition between Raja-aniokam Padayachi and his son, the plaintiff had taken place immediately before the death of Rajamanickam Padayachi that the plaintiff thereby got half share in the suit property by survivorship and in the remaining half share of Rajamanickam Padayachi, his two heirs, viz., the lst defendant and plaintiff got 1/4th share each by inheritance and that in all the plaintiff got 3/4th share and the lst defendant got the remaining 1/4th share. Bellie, J., in his referring judgment has come to the conclusion that the above said undivided 3/4th share was the joint family property of the family of the plaintiff and his mother, after the death of the plaintiffs father, that consequently S. 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act is not attracted and that though she is not a co-parcener and consequently not the kartha of the family, she can alienate the said 3/4th share as de facto guardian of her minor son for the legal necessity of the minor or for the benefit of the estate of the minor, since she is, in the absence of the father, the natural guardian of the person and the private property of the minor. For coming to this conclusion Bellie, J, has held that S. 11 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, which says that after the commencement of the said Act, no person shall be entitled to dispose of the property of a Hindu Minor merely on the ground of his being the de facto guardian of the minor is not applicable to an undivided interest of a minor in the joint family property. But, in this regard, (as also




















































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