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2025 Supreme(Raj) 2268

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR
ANOOP KUMAR DHAND, J.
Nikita D/o Shri Murarilal – Appellant
Versus
State of Rajasthan – Respondent
S.B. Criminal Writ Petition No. 1594 of 2025
Decided On : 04-12-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Hemant Agarwal, Deepak Puri Goswami
For the Respondent: Vivek Choudhary

The court emphasized the fundamental right to life and liberty under Article 21, asserting protection for adults in a live-in relationship against familial threats, regardless of marriageable age.

Headnote:(A) Indian Constitution - Article 21 - Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 - Section 5 - Live-in relationship - Protection of personal liberty - Court issued directions for the protection of petitioners against threats from family members while asserting that their fundamental right to life and liberty must be preserved irrespective of age-related marriage restrictions. (Paras 7-13)

(B) The court recognized that the right to choose a partner and live together is fundamental and must be protected, as emphasized in previous judgments, acknowledging that live-in relationships are not illegal. (Paras 10-12)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners, who are both adults, sought protection from threats due to their decision to live together in a romantic relationship. They approached the police for help but received no response.

Findings of Court:
The court directed the police to verify threat perceptions and provide necessary protection to the petitioners.

Issues: The primary issues involved the fundamental right to protection of life and liberty versus the legal age for marriage and parental objections to the relationship.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the fundamental rights of individuals, especially the right to live together regardless of marital status, should be safeguarded against familial opposition.

Result: The petition was disposed of with directions to the police to ensure the petitioners' safety.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, here are the key points summarized:

  1. The court emphasized the fundamental right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution, affirming that this right protects individuals in live-in relationships against threats from family members, regardless of their age or marriage eligibility [judgement_subject] (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  2. The right to choose a partner and live together is recognized as a fundamental right, and such relationships are not illegal. The court underscored that living together without marriage, even if one party is below the legal marriageable age, is protected under constitutional rights [judgement_subject] (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  3. The case involved adults who wished to live together in a romantic relationship but faced threats and opposition from their families. They sought protection from the authorities, which the court directed to verify threats and provide necessary protection [facts] (!) (!) .

  4. The legal framework stipulates minimum ages for marriage, but the court clarified that the right to live together in a consensual relationship is separate from the validity of marriage. Even if one party is below the prescribed age for marriage, their right to live in a relationship remains protected (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  5. The court highlighted that protection under Article 21 extends to individuals in live-in relationships, regardless of the legal status of their relationship or marriage eligibility, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding personal liberty and life (!) (!) (!) (!) .

  6. The court directed authorities to verify threats and ensure protection for the petitioners, reiterating the obligation of the state to uphold citizens' rights to life and liberty (!) .

  7. The court clarified that the observations made in the order are solely for the purpose of disposing of the case and do not impact any ongoing criminal or civil proceedings against the petitioners (!) .

These points encapsulate the court's stance on protecting the rights of individuals in live-in relationships, emphasizing constitutional protections and the importance of safeguarding personal liberty irrespective of age or marital status.


ORDER :

1. The instant criminal writ petition has been preferred by the petitioners with the following prayer:-

“It is therefore humbly prayed that this Hon'ble Court may kindly be pleased to accept and allow this cri. Writ petition and by exercising the power conferred section 226 Cr.P.C. to secure the ends of justice pass the order or directions to the respondents to provided the protection to the petitioners to their life and liberty and further respondent no. 1 to 3 be directed to give the protection to the petitioners from respondent no 4 for their life and liberty.

The respondent no. 4 directed not to interfere in any manner in the life of petitioners and further he directed not to create any problem in any manner in their life and may not cause any type of injury to the petitioners and stop threatening them.”

2. By way of filing this criminal writ petition, a prayer has been made for issuing directions to the respondents to provide protection to the petitioners from the private respondents.

3. Learned counsel for the petitioners submits that both petitioners are adults and want to perform marriage with each other, but the petitioner No.2 has not attained the age of eligibility for getting married with the petitioner No.1, as he is below the age of 21 years. Learned counsel submits that, under these circumstances, they have decided to stay together in a live in- relationship, till attaining the age of marriage. However, family members of the petitioners have not consented to such act of the petitioners and have threatened them with causing harm to their life and personal liberty. Hence, under these circumstances, the petitioners had approached the Nodal Officer, i.e., SHO Police Station Chauth Ka Barwada, Sawai Madhopur by way of filing a representation, but no heed has been paid to the said representation. Under these compelling circumstances, they have approached this Court by way of filing the instant petition.

4. Heard and considered the submissions made at the Bar and perused the material available on the record.

5. The issue involved in this petition is no more res integra since the same has been decided by this Court in the case of Priya Suman & Anr. Vs. State of Rajasthan & Ors. while deciding S.B. Criminal Writ Petition No. 1537/2025 on 01.12.2025 and it has been held in Paras 7 to 13 as under:-

“7. As per Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, the minimum age of the bride and bridegroom should be 18 years and 21 years respectively to perform marriage. It is admitted case of the petitioners that both of them are major and have attained the age of majority and maturity and they have decided to perform marriage with each other. The only hurdle and rider between solemnization of their marriage is the age of the petitioner No.2, who has not attained the eligible age of 21 years to perform marriage with the petitioner No.1. Hence, they cannot be left at the mercy of the private respondents, who are against their aforesaid decision.

8. In Lata Singh Vs. State of UP & Anr. AIR 2006 SC 2522, the Hon’ble Apex Court has held that a live in-relationship between two consensual adults of heterogenic sex does not amount to any offence. In the case at hand, the petitioner No.2 has not yet attained the age of 21 years, therefore, he not being of marriageable age, the petitioners cannot be deprived to live together in such type of relationship.

9. Even, the Co-ordinate Bench of this Court at Principal Seat, Jodhpur in the case of Rekha Meghwanshi & Anr. Vs. The State of Rajasthan & Ors. while deciding S.B. Criminal Writ Petition No. 1730/2024 vide order dated 21.08.2024 dealt with the identical situation, has held in Para Nos.5 to 12 as under:-

“5. Facts, as pleaded in the petition, succinctly are that petitioner No.1 born on 02.01.2004 and petitioner No.2, born on 08.05.2005, are purportedly in love with each other. They have been living together in relationship for past couple of days.

6. Petitioners have decided to get married once p

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