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2026 Supreme(Raj) 397

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT JAIPUR
ANOOP KUMAR DHAND, J.
Nishi Mishra D/o Shri Hari Shankar Mishra – Appellant
Versus
State of Rajasthan – Respondent
S.B. Criminal Miscellaneous (Petition) No. 1469 of 2013
Decided On : 17-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Sweety Mishra
For the Respondents: Jitendra Singh Rathore, Neha Goyal

Acquittals should be 'honourable' rather than based on 'benefit of doubt' when the prosecution provides no evidence to substantiate charges. Such terminology is essential to prevent unnecessary stigma and negative impact on an individual’s future career prospects when no criminal conduct is established.

Headnote:(A) Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 498A, 406, 420, 384 and 120B - Criminal Procedure Code - Doctrine of acquittal - Accused acquitted for lack of evidence - Whether 'benefit of doubt' or 'in absence of evidence' appropriate descriptors - Held, where evidence is entirely insufficient and no wrongdoing is proven, the term 'honourable acquittal' is appropriate to prevent damage to career prospects of the accused. (Paras 11, 13, 15)

(B) Terminology - 'Honourable acquittal' - Concept of - Not defined in statutes, but coined through judicial pronouncements - Serves to denote that the prosecution failed to prove charges after full appraisal of evidence - Distinct from an acquittal arising from specific lacunae or doubt in prosecution case. (Paras 9, 10, 13)

Facts of the case:
The accused, involved in a matrimonial dispute, were acquitted of allegations regarding dowry harassment and related offences. Subsequent court orders used phrases such as 'benefit of doubt' and 'in absence of evidence'. The accused challenged these descriptions, arguing that such terminology negatively impacts their future career prospects in public recruitment processes despite the lack of any evidence against them.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that where the prosecution fails to prove the charges, and it is evident no criminal act was committed, using terms like 'benefit of doubt' is unnecessary. When no evidence exists, the acquittal should be rendered as 'honourable' to avoid stigmatizing the career of the individual.

Issues: Whether the use of labels like 'benefit of doubt' or 'in absence of evidence' in acquittal judgments, when no evidence is established, warrants modification to 'honourable acquittal' to protect the future career prospects of the individuals concerned.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that while 'honourable acquittal' is not explicitly defined in the criminal procedure code, it is sound judicial practice to use this terminology when the prosecution has failed to produce any evidence. Retaining exclusionary labels hinders the individual's future and is unwarranted when no proof of guilt exists.

Result: Petition allowed; impugned orders modified to reflect 'honourable acquittal'.

Table of Content
1. factual history of trial proceedings and initial acquittal. (Para 1 , 6)
2. parties' contentions regarding harmful terminology in judgment orders. (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
3. reality of matrimonial litigation and the misuse of penal provisions. (Para 5 , 7 , 8)
4. definition and scope of honourable acquittal versus benefit of doubt. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
5. application of acquittal standards and final order modification. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)

ORDER :

1. By way of filing the instant criminal misc. petition, a challenge has been led to the impugned judgment dated 06.08.2012 passed by the Court of Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Sambhar Lake, Jaipur in Criminal Case No.127/2006, by which the petitioners along with the co-accused persons have been acquitted of the charges punishable under Sections 498A, 406, 420, 384 and 120B IPC and benefit of doubt was granted to the petitioners only, whereas the rest of the accused persons namely Smt. Munni Devi, Smt. Meenu Mishra and Manish Mishra have been acquitted of the above offences on the basis of compromise arrived at between the parties.

2. The petitioner No.2 is present in person. She submits that she and the petitioner No.1 are preparing for competitive examinations and the aforesaid judgment dated 06.08.2012 will come in their way for the purpose of getting recruitment as the terminology “benefit of doubt”, mentioned in the impugned judgment, will adversely affecting their future. She submits that the petitioners being sisters-in-law of the complainant have no concern whatsoever with the domestic affairs of the husband of the complainant and parents-in-law. Hence, under these circumstances, they submitted a Revision Petition before the Revisional Court i.e. the Court of Additional Sessions Judge, Sambhar Lake, District Jaipur for deletion of the words “benefit of doubt” from the impugned judgment dated 06.08.2012. She further submits that the aforesaid words “benefit of doubt” have been deleted, but a new terminology has been added i.e. the petitioners stand acquitted “in absence of evidence”. Counsel submits that the Revisional Court has added the said new terminology without any basis, which was not the case of the petitioners before the Revisional Court, inasmuch as their prayer was simple i.e. for deletion of the words “benefit of doubt” but unnecessarily the words “in absence of evidence” have been added. These words are also causing hindrance in future and career prospects of the petitioners for getting recruitment, hence, under these circumstances, interference of this Court is warranted.

3. Lastly, she argues that once this fact has been established on the record that role of the petitioners is not there in the alleged incident, then instead of granting the benefit of doubt or instead of passing the judgment in absence of evidence, the judgment of honorable acquittal could have been passed in favour of the petitioners. In support of her contentions, she has placed reliance upon the judgment passed the Madhya Pradesh High Court in the case of Amarnath Pande vs. State of M.P. 1988 Cri. L.J. 522 and the judgment passed by the Gauhati High Court in the case of Pratul Bhattacharjee vs. The State of Assam , 1986 SCC OnLine Gau 61.

4. Per contra, learned Public Prosecutor opposes the prayer.

5. Heard and considered the submissions made at the Bar and perused the material available on the record.

6. Perusal of the record as well as the impugned judgments passed by the Courts below indicate that a charge-sheet under Sections 498A, 406, 420, 384 and 120B IPC was submitted against the petitioners along with co-accused persons namely Manish Mishra, Smt. Munni Devi and Smt. Meenu Mishra on the basis of a report lodged by one Smt. Manju Sharma, who is wife of Manish Mishra and sister-in-law of the petitioners. Cognizance was taken against the petitioners along with co-accused persons for the above stated offences and during the course of trial, the complainant Smt. Manju Sha

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