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2025 Supreme(HP) 1261

IN THE HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AT SHIMLA
RAKESH KAINTHLA, J.
State of H.P. – Appellant
Versus
Dharuv Kumar – Respondent
Cr. Appeal No. 118 of 2013
Decided On : 04-09-2025

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Lokender Kutlehria
For the Respondents: N.K. Thakur, Divya Raj Singh

Appeal against acquittal for rash driving upheld if trial court's view reasonable; sudden pedestrian road crossing and vague high speed testimony insufficient to prove negligence.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 279, 337 and 338 - Rash and negligent driving causing simple and grievous hurt in road accident - Appeal against acquittal by State - High Court while hearing appeal against acquittal can reappraise evidence but should not interfere if trial court has taken a reasonable or possible view of evidence even if another view is possible - Interference warranted only if judgment suffers from patent perversity, misreading or omission of material evidence, or where no reasonable person could have acquitted accused - Double presumption of innocence in favour of accused post-acquittal. (Paras 12, 13)

(B) Rash and negligent driving - Sudden crossing of road by pedestrian - Driver cannot be held negligent if pedestrian suddenly crosses road without notice of approaching vehicle as driver may not avoid accident even at slow speed. (Paras 19, 20)

(C) Proof of rashness or negligence - Testimony of high speed by witnesses insufficient without approximate speed or skid marks - Speed alone not criterion for negligence; depends on accident circumstances - Rash and negligent act must be causa causans of accident. (Paras 23-27)

Facts of the case:
Car driven at alleged high speed hit pedestrian crossing road, crushing his leg causing grievous hurt - Eyewitnesses and injured deposed accident due to driver's negligence but injured admitted crossing road briskly - Mechanical inspection found no vehicle defect - Trial court acquitted holding eyewitness contradictions, injured's sudden crossing made case doubtful - State appealed.

Findings of Court:
Trial court took reasonable view relying on injured's testimony of crossing road and lack of specific proof of negligence - No perversity in acquittal.

Issues: Whether trial court perversely acquitted by relying on injured's road-crossing testimony and discarding eyewitnesses for contradictions; whether high speed testimony proved rash negligence.

Ratio Decidendi: Appellate court upholds acquittal where trial court reasonably concludes victim's sudden road crossing and vague high speed evidence fail to prove driver's rash negligence beyond doubt, reinforcing double presumption of innocence.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. negligent driving case; trial acquittal on doubtful evidence (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. contentions on trial errors and acquittal justification (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
3. interfere with acquittal only if patently perverse (Para 11 , 12 , 13)
4. victim and witnesses confirm road crossing at accident (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
5. sudden crossing absolves driver of negligence (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
6. 'high speed' insufficient to prove rashness (Para 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)
7. no interference with reasonable acquittal; appeal dismissed (Para 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32)

JUDGMENT :

RAKESH KAINTHLA, J.

1. The present appeal is directed against the judgment dated 03.10.2012 passed by learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Una, District Una, H.P. (learned Trial Court) vide which the respondent (accused before the learned Trial Court) was acquitted of the offences with which he was charged (sic). (Parties shall hereinafter be referred to in the same manner as they were arrayed before the learned Trial Court for convenience).

2. Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present appeal are that the police presented a challan against the accused before the learned Trial Court for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 279, 337 and 338 of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter referred to as ‘IPC’). It was asserted that informant Joginder Singh (PW1) was running a shop of kiryana at Dangoli main road. He was standing outside his shop with Kehar Singh (PW2) at about 04.40 PM. A car bearing registration No. HP53A-1329 came from the Bangana at high speed and hit Ajmer Singh (PW3), walking towards the left side of the road. Ajmer Singh fell, and the car crushed his left leg. The informant and Kehar Singh (PW2) pushed the car and removed Ajmer Singh (PW3). The driver identified himself as Dhruv Kumar. Ajmer Singh was taken to the hospital in the same vehicle. The accident occurred due to the negligence of the accused. An intimation was given to the police, and an entry (Ex.PW10/A) was recorded in the Daily Diary. HC Madan Mohan (PW11) was directed to visit the hospital to verify the correctness of the information. HC Madan Mohan (PW11) and Constable Rampal went to the hospital where Joginder Singh (PW1) made a statement (Ex.PW1/A), which was sent to the Police Station, where FIR (Ex.PW9/A) was registered. An application (Ex.PW11/A) was filed for conducting the medical examination of Ajmer Singh. Dr. Sunil Sharma (PW8) conducted the medical examination of Ajmer Singh and found that he had suffered grievous injuries which could have been caused within six hours of examination in a road accident. He issued the MLC (Ex. PW8/A). HC Madan Mohan (PW11) visited the spot and prepared a site plan (Ex.PW11/B). He seized the vehicle bearing registration No. HP53A-1329 along with documents vide memo (Ex.PW2/A). Sarup Lal (PW5) conducted the mechanical examination of the vehicle and found that there was no mechanical defect in the vehicle which could have led to the accident. Statements of the prosecution witnesses were recorded as per their version, and after the completion of the investigation, the challan was prepared and presented before the learned Trial Court.

3. Learned Trial Court found sufficient reasons to summon the accused. When the accused appeared, notice of accusation was put to him for the commission of offences punishable under Sections 279, 337 and 338 of the IPC, to which he pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.

4. The prosecution examined 11 witnesses to prove its case. Joginder Singh (PW1), Kehar Singh (PW2) and Mangal Singh (PW4) are the eyewitnesses. Ajmer Singh (PW3) is the injured. Sarup Lal (PW5) conducted the mechanical examination of the vehicle. Sanjeev Kumar (PW6) took the X-rays of the injured. Vinod Kumar (PW7) took the photographs. Dr. Sunil Sharma (PW8) conducted the medical examination of the injured. ASI Karam Chand (PW9) signed the FIR. HHC Paramjit Singh (PW10) proved the entry in the daily dai

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