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2023 Supreme(J&K) 733

HIGH COURT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND LADAKH
SANJAY DHAR, J.
Dalip Singh & Anr. - Appellant
Versus
State & Ors. - Respondent
CRA No. 44 of 2014
Decided on : 11-05-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Rohan Nanda
For the Respondent: Dewakar Sharma

Headnote:(A) Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 - Sections 8 and 15 - Conviction and sentence of five years rigorous imprisonment and fine imposed, subsequently challenged on grounds of improper evidence handling - The prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the samples sent for analysis were from the seized contraband. The discrepancies raised reasonable doubt regarding the integrity of the evidence. (Paras 6, 17, 19)

(B) Evidence - Standard of proof - The prosecution must establish the chain of custody for evidence comprehensively to secure a conviction under the NDPS Act. (Para 18)

Facts of the case:
The appellants were convicted for possessing narcotics after a truck carrying apples was found to contain poppy straw hidden in the load. Evidence included seizure memos and sample testing from FSL affirming the presence of morphine.

Findings of Court:
The court identified serious discrepancies in the evidence concerning the samples sent for chemical analysis, raising doubts about the prosecution's chain of custody.

Issues: The main issues included the integrity of the evidence and whether the prosecution established that the sample analyzed corresponded to the substances seized from the appellants.

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined the prosecution did not conclusively establish that the samples analyzed were actually drawn from the appellants' possession, leading to reasonable doubt about their guilt.

Result: Appeal allowed; conviction and sentence set aside, and the appellants acquitted.

Table of Content
1. details of prosecution case and charges (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. findings on the prosecution's evidence (Para 6)
3. appellants' argument on evidence (Para 7)
4. review of trial court's evidence and procedures (Para 8 , 9)
5. concerns about evidence integrity and reasonable doubt (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
6. final ruling and acquittal of appellants (Para 20)

JUDGEMENT

1. The appellants have challenged the judgment dated 08.07.2014 passed by the Special Judge, Kathua (hereinafter referred to as the 'Special Judge') whereby they have been convicted for offences under sections 8/15 of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as the 'NDPS Act'). Challenge has also been thrown to order dated 09.07.2014 passed by the Special Judge whereby in proof of aforesaid offences, the appellants have been sentenced to rigorous imprisonment of five years each and to pay a fine of Rs. 50000/- each. In default of payment of fine, the appellants have been directed to undergo a further imprisonment for six months each.

2. Briefly stated the prosecution case is that, on 23.08.2010 at about 6.45 pm, a Truck bearing registration No. HR46C-3136 that was loaded with apples reported at export yard of Toll Post, Lakhanpur. The said Truck was subjected to physical checking by the Excise Guards PWs Mohd. Bashir and Sat Pal under the supervision of Inspector Excise Task Force Gulrez Haq Malik. Upon physical checking of the truck, a bag, containing poppy straw (bukki) hidden beneath the apple boxes, was detected. The appellants were questioned and detained at the Toll Post. At about 7.25 pm, PW Girdhari Lal ETO informed the complainant PW Arun Kumar, Inspector Excise Sub Range Kathua, who, vide his letter dated 23.08.2010 requested Tehsildar Kathua to depute Executive Magistrate First Class to Toll Post Lakhanpur. PW Krishan Lal sharma, Naib Tehsildar reached spot at 8.15 pm and the complainant PW Arun Kumar also reached over there and started investigation of the case.

3. The contraband was seized on spot and the appellants were arrested. The seized contraband was found to be weighing 9 kgs and 100 gms inclusive of packing. Out of the seized contraband, two samples weighing 50 gms ach were drawn and the same were sealed with white cloth and marked as 'B' and 'C'. The rest of the contraband was sealed and marked as 'A'. The samples as well as the remaining contraband were sealed with a brass seal in presence of Executive Magistrate First Class, Kathua and thereafter the samples were resealed by the said Executive Magistrate First Class, Kathua with his official seal. In this regard, a certificate was issued by the Executive Magistrate to the Director FSL Jammu authorising him to break open the seal of the samples for chemical analysis. As per the complaint, the sample marked as 'B' was sent to the Director FSL Jammu vide letter dated 27.08.2010 along with a resealing certificate issued by the Executive Magistrate First Class and the same was deposited with Director, FSL Jammu by Sh. Bishamber Singh Driver Excise Range, Kathua. The receipt of sample dated 1.09.2010 was obtained from the FSL. As per report of the FSL dated 13.10.2010 presence of morphine was found in the sample drawn from the seized poppy straw (bukki). Thus, according to the complainant, offences under sections 8/15 of NDPS Act were found established against the appellants.

4. Vide order dated 01.11.2010, the Special Judge framed charges for offences under section 8/15 of NDPS Act against the appellants who denied the charges and claimed trial. Accordingly, the complainant was directed to produce the witnesses in support of its case.

5. The complainant examined PWs Girdhari Lal Sharma, Gulrez Haq, Rohit Koul, Ravi Kumar, Sat Pal, Mohd. Bashir, Krishan Kumar Sharma and Arun Kumar as witnesses in support of its case. After completion of the complainant's evidence, the incriminating circumstances appearing in the evidence

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