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2025 Supreme(Jhk) 1181

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI 
SANJAY PRASAD, J.
Bank of Baroda, through its Senior Manager, Deepak Kumar Sinha - Appellant
Versus
Their Workman-represented by Bank of Baroda Staff Union (Bihar & Jharkhand) through the General Secretary  - Respondent
W. P. (L). No. 1482 of 2016
Decided on : 28-04-2025

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Ms. Prerna Jhunjhunwala, Advocate
For the Respondents:Mr. Bijay Kr. Pandey, Advocate

A tribunal's interference in disciplinary matters requires solid grounds and should not reassess evidence once the fairness of the domestic enquiry is acknowledged by the employee.

Headnote:(A) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Section 10(1)(d) - Workers' Rights - The petition challenges the Award of the Tribunal granting increments to the workman, which the bank argued was arbitrary. The court found that although the Tribunal made findings on the unfairness of the domestic enquiry, sufficient evidence existed to prove grounds for misconduct, specifically insubordination and abusive behavior towards a supervisor. (Paras 44-68)

(B) Judicial Review - The High Court stated that it does not sit as an appellate court in disciplinary matters, and can only intervene if there's a jurisdictional error. The Tribunal's interference with the misconduct findings was unjustified due to the workman’s admission of the enquiry's fairness. (Paras 30, 66)

Facts of the case:
This writ petition arose following a tribunal award favoring the workman who had been penalized for misconduct after a domestic enquiry. The bank challenged this decision, claiming procedural irregularities and lack of evidence against the workman, who had allegedly behaved violently and used abusive language against his superior on multiple occasions. (Paras 1-36)

Findings of Court:
The court determined that the findings of the Tribunal were excessive and disregarded the concrete evidence of misconduct presented by the bank. The evidence supported the conclusion that the workman had engaged in severe misconduct. (Paras 44-68)

Issues: The primary issues revolved around the conduct of the domestic enquiry and if punitive action taken against the workman was appropriate based on evidence presented. (Paras 17-31)

Ratio Decidendi: The court reiterated that once the fairness of an enquiry is accepted by an employee, the tribunal should not reassess the evidence but only determine the appropriateness of the punishment. The tribunal had exceeded its jurisdiction by reversing the disciplinary action taken against the workman based on adequate evidence of misconduct. (Paras 47-68)

Result: Writ petition allowed; the tribunal's award set aside and the original disciplinary punishment upheld.

Table of Content
1. review of tribunal award validity (Para 1 , 6)
2. validity of the award due to procedural fairness. (Para 2)
3. arguments against domestic enquiry findings (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 12 , 13)
4. the arguments support the credibility of domestic enquiry. (Para 7)
5. incident background and disciplinary actions (Para 10 , 11 , 19 , 22 , 27)
6. procedural fairness in disciplinary proceedings (Para 29 , 51 , 63 , 64)
7. scope of judicial review on punishment imposals (Para 30 , 31 , 48 , 49 , 67)
8. nature and weight of evidence required for misconduct. (Para 39 , 55)

JUDGMENT :

SANJAY PRASAD, J.

This present Writ Petition has been filed on behalf of the petitioner for quashing/setting aside the Award dated 10.04.2015 passed by Sri Kishori Ram, learned Presiding Officer, Central Government Industrial Tribunal (No.2), Dhanbad, in connection with Reference No. 71 of 2007, whereby the Reference has been decided in favour of the workman-Dr. Vinod Prasad by holding that the workman is entitled to all his five increments with all his financial benefits for the relevant period of his service tenure and further the Management has been directed to implement the Award within a month from the date of its receipt following its publication by Government of India in the Gazette of India.

2. Heard Ms. Prerna Jhunjhunwala, learned counsel for the petitioner and Mr. Bijay Kr. Pandey, learned counsel for the respondents.

3. Learned counsel for the petitioner has submitted that the impugned Award dated 10.04.2015 passed by Sri Kishori Ram, learned Presiding Officer, Central Government Industrial Tribunal (No.2), Dhanbad, in connection with Reference No. 71 of 2007 is illegal, arbitrary and fit to be set aside. It is submitted that the learned Tribunal had passed the impugned Award without properly appreciating the case of the petitioner-Bank. It is submitted that the workman Dr. Vinod Prasad (i.e. Respondent no. 2), vide letter dated 19.07.2013 before the Presiding Officer, Central Government Industrial Tribunal (No.2), Camp Court, Patna had accepted the domestic enquiry as fair and proper and held in accordance with the principles of natural justice but the learned Tribunal while passing the impugned Award has overlooked the evidences adduced by the petitioner-Bank.

4. It is submitted that three minor punishments were imposed upon the respondent-workman as warning for Charges No. 1, 2 and 3. However, for Charges No. 4, 5 and 6, the punishment of lower stage in scale of pay by two stages with cumulative effect, to lower stage in scale of pay by one stage with cumulative effect, to lower stage in scale of pay by two stages with cumulative effect respectively have been imposed, as the same were necessary to maintain the discipline at peaceful working condition in the Bank. It is further submitted that the Enquiry Report was served upon the petitioner and full opportunity was given to him to defend his case and to adduce his evidence and even second show cause notice was also issued to him and as such, the Labour Court committed grave error while passing the reference in favor of the workman. It is submitted that once the workman has himself admitted by filing the petition on 19.07.2013 that the Domestic Enquiry/Departmental Enquiry was fair and proper then the Tribunal should not have interfered with the finding of fact and cannot act as the Appellate Authority over the finding of the Enquiry Officer and Disciplinary Authority.

5. Learned counsel for the petitioner has placed reliance upon the following judgments which are as follows:-

(i) In the case of Oshiar Prasad and Others versus Employers in relation to Management of Sudamdih Coal Washery of M/s Bharat Cooking Coal Limited, Dhanbad, Jharkhand reported in 2015 (4) SCC 71 ,

(ii) In the case of State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur versus Om Prakash Sharma reported in 2006 (5) SCC 123 ,

(iii) In the case of General Manager (Operations) State Bank of India and Another versus R. Periyasamy reported in 2015

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