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2012 Supreme(Mad) 1578

High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE R.S. RAMANATHAN
N. Manickam
Versus
Kanagaraj & Others
C.R.P.(NPD)Nos.4081 & 4082 of 2009 & M.P.Nos.1 & 2 of 2009
Decided On : 29-03-2012

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. S. Subbiah, Advocate.
For the Respondents:Mr. P. Saravana Sowmiyan, Advocate.

Headnote:

Pre-emption - Partition - Hindu Succession Act, 1893 - Sections 22, 2, 3 - The court analyzed the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act, 1893, particularly sections 22, 2, and 3, and their applicability to the case. The court discussed the right of pre-emption and its exercise even after the sale by a co-sharer to a stranger. The judgment in NAGAMMAL v. NANJAMMAL (1970 (1) MLJ 358) and SRINIVASAMURTHY,P v. LEELAVATHY,P (2002 (II) CTC 325) was relied upon to support the interpretation of the legal provisions. The court also considered the conditions necessary for invoking section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act and the implications of the right of pre-emption on the sale of undivided shares by co-sharers.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff filed a suit for partition against his brother, the first respondent, seeking to divide the property and to allot half share. The first respondent sold his undivided half share to respondents 2 and 3 and filed an application for passing the final decree. The plaintiff filed applications seeking permission to exercise the right of pre-emption and to purchase the property allotted to the first respondent.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the plaintiff was entitled to exercise the right of pre-emption under section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act, even after the sale by the first respondent to respondents 2 and 3. The court held that the right of pre-emption is not dependent on the divisibility of the property and can be exercised within a year from the date of transfer. The court also remanded the matter to ascertain the value of the undivided half share of the property.

Issues: The issues involved the interpretation and applicability of the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act, particularly sections 22, 2, and 3, in the context of the right of pre-emption and the sale of undivided shares by co-sharers.

Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision was based on the analysis of the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act, particularly section 22, and the interpretation of the right of pre-emption. The court emphasized the exercise of the right of pre-emption even after the sale by a co-sharer to a stranger and the conditions necessary for invoking section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act.

Final Decision: The civil revision petitions were allowed, and the matter was remanded to the court below for ascertaining the value of the undivided half share of the property. No costs were awarded, and the connected miscellaneous petitions were closed.

Judgment :-

1. The plaintiff in O.S.No.1128 of 1997 on the file of the I Additional Sub Court, Coimbatore is the revision petitioner.

2. The plaintiff/revision petitioner filed the above suit for partition against his brother the first respondent for dividing the property and to allot half share. The suit was decreed on 11.4.2000. Thereafter, the first respondent herein filed I.A.No.932 of 2007 on the file of the I Additional Sub Court, Coimbatore for passing final decree in terms of the preliminary decree and during the pendency of the said application, the first respondent herein sold his undivided half share to respondents 2 and 3 by a registered sale deed dated 27.5.2008 for valuable consideration and filed I.A.No.333 of 2008 in I.A.No.932 of 2007 to implead the subsequent purchasers as respondents 2 and 3 and that was ordered as prayed for. Thereafter, the revision petitioner filed I.A.No.332 of 2008 under section 5 of the Partition Act seeking permission of the court to exercise the right of preemption to purchase the undivided share of the first respondent herein stating that the first respondent had sold his undivided share to respondents 2 and 3 and therefore, he is entitled to exercise the right of pre-emption. The revision petitioner also filed I.A.No.442 of 2008 in I.A.No.932 of 2007 under sections 2 and 3 of the Partition Act seeking permission of the court to purchase the property that was allotted to the first respondent by depositing the value in court as mentioned in the sale deed executed by the first respondent in favour of respondents 2 and 3.

3. The learned I Additional Sub Judge, Coimbatore dismissed both the applications holding that only after appointment of advocate commissioner and after verifying whether the suit property is a residential house or non-residential premises and whether the property can be divided into two halves, the right of preemption can be decided and as the first respondent had already sold his undivided share to respondents 2 and 3, the right of pre-emption claimed by the revision petitioner cannot be granted. Aggrieved by the same, these two revisions are filed.

4. Mr. Subbiah, learned counsel for the revision petitioner submitted that under section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act, when a property is devolved upon two or more heirs specified in class I to schedule and if one of such heirs proposed to transfer his or her interest in the property or properties, the other heirs shall have a preferential right to acquire the rights proposed to be transferred and for exercising the right, it is not necessary that the application must be filed before the sale by other sharers and the application can be filed even after the sale executed by the other sharers in favour of a stranger and in this case, the suit property devolved on the revision petitioner and the first respondent and each of them are entitled to undivided half share in the suit property and as such, the revision petitioner has got a right to purchase the interest of the other co-sharer who has sold the property to a stranger and for that purpose only, the application in I.A.No.332 of 2008 was filed and as per the provisions of sections 2 and 3 of the Partition Act, 1893, one of the co-sharers is entitled to apply for sale and without properly appreciating the provisions of sections 22 and 2 and 3 of the Partition Act, the court below dismissed the application. He also relied upon the judgment in NAGAMMAL v. NANJAMMAL (1970 (1) MLJ 358) and SRINIVASAMURTHY,P v. LEELAVATHY,P (2002 (II) CTC 325).

5. On the other hand, learned counsel for the respondents Mr.P.Saravana Sowmiyan submitted that section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act will not apply to the facts of the case and section 22 of the Hindu Succession Act applies only when a co-sharer proposes to sell his undivided share to a stranger and that right cannot be exercised after the sale was executed by the co-sharers and in this case, admittedly, the first respondent sol
































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