IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADRAS
P.T. Asha, J.
B. Chitti Babu - Appellants
Vs.
C. Abilash and Ors. - Respondent
S.A. No. 673 of 2018 and C.M.P. No. 20560 of 2018
Decided On : 04-06-2019
Hindu Succession Act - Section 8 – jurisdiction - Trial Court - execution proceedings - statement and the oral evidence - plaintiff, minor son represented by his natural guardian, mother had filed the suit O.S. No. 1 of 2002 on the file of the Subordinate Court, Ponneri, seeking for a partition of his half share in the suit schedule properties against the defendant, his father. It was the case of the plaintiff that the properties were ancestral properties of the plaintiff and the defendant and that the defendant had fallen into bad ways and had been spending money to meet his extravagant living style and for which purpose he had started borrowing heavily and to settle these loans the defendant was alienating the ancestral properties in which the plaintiff also had a right - his brother and mother for partition. Thereafter, the matter was compromised and under the compromise decree dated 29.04.1998. The suit schedule property had fallen into the share of the defendant. The plaintiff would contend that on 26.12.2001 he had issued a notice to the defendant and to the creditors warning them from entering into any transaction with reference to the suit schedule properties. Since there was no response the plaintiff was constrained to file the suit – Held, a decree is said to be nullity if it is passed by the Court having no jurisdiction. Merely because of the Court erroneously passed a decree or there is an error while passing the decree, the decree cannot be called nullity. The decree to be called a nullity is to be understood in the sense that it is ultra vires the power of the Court passing the decree and not merely voidable decree - There is no quarrel on the proposition that the defect of jurisdiction of the court goes to the root of the matter and strikes at the very authority of the court to pass a decree or make an order. However in cases where the Courts having an inherent jurisdiction has passed an erroneous order the same is not void and the same can only be challenged as an erroneous or illegal decision. If it is not void it cannot be objected to either in an execution proceedings or in any other collateral proceedings. This is the dicta that has been laid down by the Honourable Supreme Court in its judgment in Balvant N. Viswamitra and others Vs. Yadav Sadashiv Mule (Dead) through Lrs. and others reported - Therefore considering the fact that the defendant had all along gone on record to state that the property in question is joint family property and that he was dealing with the same as a Kartha and also considering that the preliminary decree has not been challenged, the stand now taken by the defendant questioning the jurisdiction of the Court that passed the preliminary decree cannot be countenanced. I find no error in the judgment and Decree of the Courts below and the appellant has not made out any question of law much less a substantial question of law - Therefore the defendant is clearly estopped from now contending that the preliminary decree is nullity - As rightly pointed out by the counsel for the plaintiff the preliminary decree obtained cannot be termed as nullity, since it is not a case where the Court that passed the judgment did not have the inherent Jurisdiction to try the suit. The defendants case is that being a self acquired property the plaintiff did not have a cause of action to institute the said suit, which in the considered view of this Court, can only be termed at best an erroneous judgment – Appeal dismissed
JUDGMENT :
P.T. Asha, J.
1. The defendant/respondent in the final decree proceedings is the appellant before this Court. The parties are referred to in the same litigative status as in the Trial Court. The brief resume of the facts that have culminated in the filing of the above Second Appeal are as follows:
2. The plaintiff, minor son represented by his natural guardian, mother had filed the suit O.S. No. 1 of 2002 on the file of the Subordinate Court, Ponneri, seeking for a partition of his half share in the suit schedule properties against the defendant, his father. It was the case of the plaintiff that the properties were ancestral properties of the plaintiff and the defendant and that the defendant had fallen into bad ways and had been spending money to meet his extravagant living style and for which purpose he had started borrowing heavily and to settle these loans the defendant was alienating the ancestral properties in which the plaintiff also had a right.
3. It is the case of the plaintiff that the property had been allotted to the defendant under a compromise decree entered into in the suit O.S. No. 334 of 1992 which was instituted by the sisters of the defendant against the defendant, his brother and mother for partition. Thereafter, the matter was compromised and under the compromise decree dated 29.04.1998. The suit schedule property had fallen into the share of the defendant. The plaintiff would contend that on 26.12.2001 he had issued a notice to the defendant and to the creditors warning them from entering into any transaction with reference to the suit schedule properties. Since there was no response the plaintiff was constrained to file the suit.
4. The said suit was resisted by the defendant inter alia contending that the mother of the plaintiff had deserted him and that due to this mental agony he was forced to give up his employment and that he was unemployed and in order to meet the expenses of maintaining the plaintiff and his mother, the defendant was constrained to sell the properties as Kartha of the Joint family.
5. The defendant would further contend that in the year 1988, he had sold an extent of 0.05 1/2 cents to develop the family and that he had to alienate another portion to maintain the family. It is his case that since the alienation were being done in his capacity as a Kartha the plaintiff could not question the same. He therefore sought for the dismissal of the said suit.
6. By the judgment and Decree dated 13.07.2005, the suit was decreed. The said decree was challenged by the defendant in A.S. No. 42 of 2007 on the file of the District Court, Chengalpet. Since another son was born to the defendant and his wife, the learned Judge had modified the judgment and Decree of the Trial Court by granting the 1/3rd share each to the two sons and the defendant.
7. Thereafter, the plaintiff along with his brother had filed I.A. No. 408 of 2010 for passing a final decree on 08.03.2009. To this interlocutory application the defendant had contended that he was a practising Advocate and was maintaining the plaintiffs and their mother and the only intention of the mother was to grab the defendant's property. He would further contend that he had instituted proceedings for restitution of conjugal rights in H.M.O.P. No. 72 of 2011. He therefore sought for the dismissal of the final decree proceedings.
8. The Court below had proceeded to appoint the Advocate Commissioner. After visiting the suit property the Advocate Commissioner had submitted his report dated 03.03.2017, thereafter the final decree was passed by the judgment and Decree dated 27.06.2017, in and by which the minors were allotted their 2/3rd share in the suit schedule properties and the share was indicated with the Blue colour in the surveyor's sketch.
9. The said judgment and Decree was passed after taking into account the objections that the defendant had taken which are as follows:
(a) The father's name of the defendant had been wrongly given;
(b) The A
Additional Commissioner of Income-tax
Prem Singh and others Vs. Birbal and others reported in 2007-1-L.W. 873 : (2006) 5 SCC 353
Arunagiri Vs. Ayyar Muthuraja and others reported in 2013-5-L.W. 797 : 2014 (1) CTC 73
M. Krishnamoorthy Vs. K. Pondeepankar reported in 2017-2-L.W. 818 : 2017 (3) CTC 170
Rajesh Lakshmi Chand Vs. E. Maheswari and others reported in (2018) 3 MLJ 162
M. Yogendra and others Vs. Leelamma and others reported in 2009 (15) SCC 184
Rohit Chauhan Vs. Surinder Singh and others reported in 2013-4-L.W. 672 : 2013 (9) SCC 419
Venkatrao Anantdeo Joshi and others Vs. Sau. Malatibai and others reported in AIR 2003 SC 267
Mool Chand and others V. Dy. Director, Consolidation and others
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