IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
S.S. SUNDAR, P.B. BALAJI, JJ.
N. Kalavathy – Appellant
Versus
Sriramulu Naidu [deceased] & Others – Respondents
AS.No. 63 of 2012
Decided On : 07-06-2023
Settlement Deeds - Partition - Hindu Succession Act - 6, 30 - The court discussed the validity of Settlement Deeds executed by the 1st defendant in favor of other defendants and their implications on the coparcenary properties. The court referred to the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, and the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Thamma Venkata Subbamma Vs. Thamma Rattanna and Others reported in 1987 [3] SCC 294, to determine the validity of the Settlement Deeds and their impact on the plaintiff's entitlement to an equal share in the suit properties.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff filed a suit for partition and separate possession of her 1/3rd share in the suit properties, claiming her entitlement under the Hindu Succession Act. The Trial Court dismissed the suit, holding that the plaintiff was not entitled to any share in the coparcenary properties. The plaintiff appealed against this decision.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the plaintiff, as a daughter and coparcener by birth, was entitled to an equal share in the suit properties, despite the Settlement Deeds executed by the 1st defendant. The court held that the Settlement Deeds did not affect the plaintiff's right to claim an equal share under the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005.
Issues: The issues included the validity of the Settlement Deeds, the implications of the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005, on the plaintiff's entitlement, and the nature of coparcenary properties.
Ratio Decidendi: The court relied on the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, and the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Thamma Venkata Subbamma Vs. Thamma Rattanna and Others to establish the plaintiff's right to an equal share in the coparcenary properties, despite the Settlement Deeds executed by the 1st defendant.
Final Decision: The Appeal Suit was allowed, the judgment and decree of the Trial Court were set aside, and the suit for partition and separate possession of the plaintiff's 1/3rd share in the suit properties was decreed in favor of the plaintiff.
JUDGMENT
(Prayer: Appeal Suit filed under section 96 of CPC read with Order 41 Rules 1 and 2 of CPC against the decree and judgment dated 28.03.2011 in OS.No.22/2008 on the file of the learned Additional District Judge, Fast Track Court No.III, Tiruvallur.)
S.S. Sundar, J.
(1) The plaintiff in the suit in OS.No.22/2008 on the file of the Additional District Court-cum-Fast Track Court-III, Tiruvallur, is the appellant herein.
(2) Brief facts that are necessary for the disposal of this appeal are as follows:
(3) The appellant filed the suit in OS.No.22/2008 for partition and separate possession of her 1/3rd share in all the suit properties. The suit properties consists of 4 schedules, namely, A, B, C and D. The 1st defendant is the father of the appellant/plaintiff and 2nd defendant and the 2nd defendant is the brother of plaintiff. Defendants 3 and 4 in the suit are the sons of 2nd defendant.
(4) It is the case of the appellant/plaintiff that the suit properties are the ancestral family properties of plaintiff and defendants 1 and 2 and the plaintiff is entitled to 1/3rd share in all the suit properties as per the Hindu Succession Act. It is the further case of the plaintiff that the 1st defendant/father executed a Deed of Settlement dated 27.06.2002 in respect of A, B and C schedule properties in favour of 2nd defendant and that, he executed further Deeds of Settlement dated 09.02.2002 in favour of defendants 2 to 4. It is contended by the plaintiff that the 1st defendant has no right to execute a Settlement Deed in respect of the entire suit schedule properties as the plaintiff is also entitled to equal share along with defendants 1 and 2. It is also stated that the Deeds of Settlement dated 26.07.2002 and 09.02.2002 in favour of defendants 2 to 4 are neither valid nor binding on the plaintiff. It is specifically pleaded that the plaintiff is a coparcener in the joint family consisting of her father/1st defendant and his two children and that she is entitled to claim equal share in the family properties by birth as any other male member of the family by virtue of Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005. In the plaint itself, it is admitted that the 1st defendant purchased some properties in Chennai out of income derived from the properties obtained by him in the koor chit [partition] dated 05.09.1955, i.e., A, B and C schedule properties. It is admitted that the 1st defendant sold a portion of property to a third party namely one Andal by virtue of sale Deed dated 25.03.1970.
(5) The suit was contested by the 2nd defendant by filing a written statement adopted by defendants 1, 3 and 4. The relationship between the parties is not in dispute. However, defendants 1 to 4 disputed the plaintiff’s claim in respect of 1/3rd share in all the suit properties. It is also the case of the 2nd defendant that the 1st defendant got the suit -A-, -B- and -C- Schedule properties by virtue of a partition between himself and his father and his brother through a koor chit dated 05.09.1955. It is contended that the 1st defendant is the lawful owner of both ancestral properties and his own self acquired properties. It is stated that the 1st defendant had settled all the suit properties in favour of his son and grandsons namely defendants 3 and 4 by virtue of registered Settlement Deeds dated 26.07.2002 and 09.02.2002 which are registered as Doc.Nos.767/2002, 535/2002, 533/2002 and 534/2002. Stating that the defendants 2 to 4 are in possession and enjoyment of all the suit properties settled in their favour, the suit was contested further on the ground that the plaintiff is not entitled to file the suit by paying the court fee under section 37[2] of the Tamil Nadu Court Fees and Suit Valuation Act. It is also the case of the defendants that the plaintiff got married in the year 1979 and that her marriage was performed in a grand manner by giving her 300 sovereigns of gold and silver ornaments and a huge amount of cash at the time of marriage. Since the State
Gift by a coparcener of his undivided interest in coparcenery properties as void - Coparcener can make a gift of his undivided interest in coparcener property to another coparcener or to a stranger....
The central legal point established in the judgment is the interpretation of the validity of settlement and sale deeds, the nature of the suit property, and the right of pre-emptive purchase.
The properties in question were determined to be ancestral, granting coparcenary rights to the daughter under the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005.
A Karta under Mitakshara law cannot alienate joint family property via a Will; it is a family arrangement. Possession under a void document can lead to adverse possession if maintained for the requis....
A Kartha of a Hindu Joint Family cannot gift joint family property without the consent of other coparceners, rendering such a Gift Deed invalid.
A coparcener cannot execute a settlement deed favoring non-coparceners without consent, rendering it void; however, a sale executed by the Kartha for family necessity is valid and binding on minor co....
The court established that ancestral property retains its coparcenary character despite partition, affirming the rights of legitimate heirs under Hindu law.
The court established the principle that under the Tamil Nadu Amendment Act 1/1990, a daughter is entitled to her share in ancestral property, and any disposition or alienation without her consent is....
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