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2024 Supreme(Mad) 2294

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
K.GOVINDARAJAN THILAKAVADI, J.
The State of Tamil Nadu - Appellant
Vs.
K.Rajendrababu - Respondent
S.A.No.437 of 2015 and M.P.No.1 of 2015
Decided On : 08-03-2024

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.A.Edwin Prabakar Special Government Pleader (CS)
For the Respondent: M/s.V.Pavithra for M/s. V.Srimathi

The burden of proof in title suits rests with the plaintiffs to establish a superior title; revenue entries are insufficient to confer ownership.

Headnote:(A) Patta Passbook Act - Section 14 - Second appeal - Jurisdiction of civil court to entertain suit - Plaintiffs sought declaration of title and mandatory injunction for correcting revenue records of suit property from 'Tharisu' to patta land - The trial court decreed suit based on evidence of oral sale in 1912 and subsequent possession by plaintiffs - Defendants challenged sufficiency of evidence and jurisdiction under Patta Passbook Act - The appellate court dismissed the appeal, confirming the decree of the trial court but failed to adequately assess evidence provided by the defendants - Substantial question of law framed regarding adverse possession and evidence requirements. (Paras 10, 12, 22, 24)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs claimed ownership of the suit property through oral sale and subsequent inheritance; however, defendants contended that the property was incorrectly classified as 'Tharisu' and challenged plaintiffs’ title and possession.

Findings of Court:
The evidence presented by the plaintiffs was insufficient to establish title; there was no definitive proof of continuous adverse possession.

Issues: The main issue addressed was whether plaintiffs could seek declaration of title based on adverse possession.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the burden of proof lies on the plaintiffs to establish better title than the defendants, which they failed to do; revenue records alone do not confer title.

Result: Second appeal allowed; judgment and decree of lower courts set aside.

Table of Content
1. overview of the case and parties involved. (Para 1 , 2)
2. the appeal concerns ownership and classification of land. (Para 3)
3. plaintiffs' claim of ownership and history. (Para 4 , 5)
4. legal standing and jurisdiction concerns. (Para 10 , 12)
5. plaintiffs’ burden of proof regarding title and competitive claims. (Para 13 , 14)
6. arguments on adverse possession and revenue record limitations. (Para 15 , 16 , 17)
7. defendants' claim and classification of land. (Para 19 , 20)
8. court ruling emphasizing plaintiffs' failure to prove ownership. (Para 22)
9. requirements for proving title and adverse possession. (Para 23 , 24)
10. conclusion of the appeal and judgment. (Para 25)

JUDGMENT :

K. GOVINDARAJAN THILAKAVADI, J.

1. The second appeal is directed against the judgement and decree dated 07.04.2010 in A.S.No.55 of 2008 on the file of the Sub Court poonamallee, confirming the judgement and decree dated 26.02.2004 in O.S.No. 28 of 1994 on the file of the District Munsif Court, poonamallee.

2. The appellants are the defendants and the respondents are plaintiffs in the above suit. The respondents as plaintiffs filed the above suit in O.S.No. 28 of 1994 for declaration of plaintiff's title to the suit property and for mandatory injunction directing the defendants to cancel the nature of the suit property under the classification of 'Tarisu' and record the same as the regular patta land in the Revenue records and for cost. The learned District Munsif, Poonamallee, by the judgement and decree dated 26.02.2004 decreed the suit. Not satisfied with the findings arrived at by the learned District Munsif Poonamallee, the defendants preferred an appeal in A.S. No. 55 of 2008 on the file of the Sub Court Poonamallee praying to set aside the judgement and decree dated 26.02.2004 passed by the learned District Munsif, Poonamallee.

3. By judgement and decree dated 07.04.2010 the learned Sub Judge, Poonamallee dismissed the appeal suit by confirming the decree passed by the trial court in respect of the suit property. Aggrieved over the same, the defendants are before this Court with present the second appeal.For the sake of convenience, herein after the parties would be referred as described by the trial Court.

4. The averments made in the plaint in brief are as follows:

The suit property originally owned by one Kari krishnama Chetty who sold the property to the plaintiff's grandfather the late Narasimhalu Naidu in the year 1912 for a sum of Rs.50/- by an oral sale. The plaintiff's grandfather Narasimhalu Naidu took possession of the suit property in pursuance to the oral sale and he became the absolute owner of the suit property and he was in peaceful possession and enjoyment of the same till his death in the year 1914. After the demise of the said Narasimhalu Naidu, the said property was inherited by his only son Kistappa Naidu, the father of the plaintiff. The said kistappa Naidu was in possession and enjoyment of the suit property till his death on 31.05.1983. The said Kishtappa Naidu had bequeathed all his properties including the suit property in favour of his sons, namely the plaintiffs herein, under a duly executed and registered Will dated 01.06.1981. After the demise of their father, the plaintiffs continued to be in possession and enjoyment of the suit property along with other properties as absolute owners thereof. In pursuance of their ownership, the Revenue Authorities have issued patta in the name of their father on 12.01.1970. The plaintiffs father was paying the kist and other charges to the Revenue Authorities till his death. The plaintiffs are now paying the kist and other charges for the suit property. They have also obtained tractor loan from the Land Development Bank at Poonamallee for which the property is shown as security. Thereafter, the plaintiffs came to know that the suit property was classified and was recorded as 'Tharisu' in the revenue records. The said entry is totally incorrect as the suit property cann

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