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2024 Supreme(Mad) 2324

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
V. LAKSHMINARAYANAN, J.
D. Selvi and Ors. – Petitioners
Versus
Suseela Ramachandran and Ors. – Respondents
C.R.P.(PD) No.3843 of 2024 and C.M.P. No.19869 of 2024
Decided On : 29-11-2024

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. B. Dayalan.
For the Respondents: Mr. N. Jothi, Senior Counsel for Mr. S. Vinod.

Amendment to pleadings concerning deceased defendants allows for exemption from substitution if they were ex parte and had no interest in the proceedings, and such request is not limited by the 90-day period post-death.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure - Order VI Rule 17 and Order XXII Rule 4(4) - Legal representatives - Petitioners sought amendment of plaint to include deceased defendants' names - Court ruled there is no necessity to substitute legal representatives if the deceased had been set exparte without interest in proceedings - The power to grant exemption can be exercised at any time before judgment and is not limited by the 90-day period post-death for invoking Order XXII. (Paras 11, 12, 14, 39)

(B) Legal representatives and ex parte defendants - The court emphasized that legal representatives can only represent the estate of the deceased, and cannot introduce new pleas; their rights are not superior to that of the deceased. Findings showed that deceased defendants had been set exparte after being duly served, hence the plaintiffs were granted exemption from substituting legal representatives. (Paras 19, 38).

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs sought ownership and possession of certain properties asserting their rights as legal heirs of a deceased individual, whilst facing opposition from the defendants regarding legal status and amendments. The petitioners were permitted to amend the plaint following the discovery of the deaths of certain defendants and that these individuals had been duly served yet remained absent in the proceedings.

Findings of Court:
The court found sufficient cause to allow the amendment and the request to exempt from substituting legal heirs for defendants who were not contesting and allowed the continuation of the suit against ex parte defendants.

Issues: The main issues involved were the necessity to substitute legal representatives of deceased parties, the power of the court to exempt such substitutions, and whether an amendment under Order VI was necessary after granting exemption.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that the procedural provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure give the court the discretion to exempt parties from substitution, ensuring the continuation of suits without unnecessary delays caused by the death of uninterested parties.

Result: Civil Revision Petition allowed; order of the lower court set aside, granting exemption for the plaintiffs to amend the plaint.

Table of Content
1. civil revision petition details and reliefs sought. (Para 1 , 2)
2. amendment sought due to the death of key defendants. (Para 3)
3. opposition from respondents regarding amendment application. (Para 4 , 5)
4. court's authority to amend plaint and implead legal heirs. (Para 6 , 10 , 11)
5. arguments center on procedural misapplications and failures. (Para 8 , 9)
6. power to exempt from substituting legal representatives before judgment. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)
7. judgments supporting exemption under order xxii rule 4. (Para 15 , 19)
8. differentiation between order xxii rule 4(4) and order xxii rule 4a. (Para 26 , 29)
9. cause title is part of the plaint requiring amendment. (Para 30 , 31)
10. final order allowing amendment and exemption. (Para 39)

ORDER :

V. LAKSHMINARAYANAN, J.

This Civil Revision Petition arises against the order passed by the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, Cheyyur in I.A. No. 304 of 2022 in O.S. No. 55 of 2020 dated 25.08.2023.

2.The civil revision petitioners are the plaintiffs in the suit. O.S.No.55 of 2020 was originally presented before the learned District Munsif at Madurantakam and was numbered as O.S.No. 328 of 2013. Subsequently, on account of creation of a Court at Cheyyur, the suit was transferred to the file of District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, Cheyyur and renumbered as O.S.No. 55 of 2020. In the suit, the plaintiffs seek for the following reliefs:

"(a). For Declaration that the legal heirs of Late.Ganapathy Gramani viz., the plaintiffs 1 to 5 as well as the defendants 3 to 14 are the absolute owners of the suit schedule properties and have got title over the same and for possession of the suit schedule properties from the defendants 1 and 2;

(b). For Declaration that the plaintiffs as well as 5th defendant's mother by name Yasodha, defendants 3,4, the father of the defendants 6 to 8 by name T.G.Angamuthu, mother of the defendants 9,10,12, 13 and grand-mother of the defendant no.11 by name Rukmani and the mother of the 14th defendant by name Chandra are the son and daughters of Late. Ganapathy Gramani and as such the plaintiffs as well as the defendants 3 to 14 are his surviving legal heirs;

(c). For Permanent injunction restraining the defendants 1 and 2, their men and agents from in any manner encumbering or alienating the suit schedule properties;

(d). For Permanent injunction restraining the defendants 1 and 2, their men, agents, servants and others from in manner carrying out land or building developments in the suit schedule properties.

(e). For Declaration that the plaintiffs as well as the defendants 3 to 14 have been having easement rights in respect of the suit properties through and over adjacent lands, comprised in Survey Nos. 328 to 345 and 650 to 700 and its respective sub-division survey numbers of suit village since time immemorial through their predecessors-in-title;

(f). For Permanent Injunction restraining the defendants 1 and 2, their men, agents, servants and others from in any manner interfering with the enjoyment of easement rights of the plaintiffs as well as the defendants 3 to 14 and which have been available to the suit properties through and over adjacent lands, comprised in Survey Nos. 328 to 345 and 650 to 700 and its respective sub-division survey numbers of suit village;

(f-1). For declaration that the General Power of Attorney, dated 14.02.2008, (Amended as per order,dated registered as 26.10.2021 made in I.A.No.257 of 2021 in O.S.No.55) document No.85/IV/2008 on the file of S.R.O. Cheyyur as null and void, unenforceable, not binding upon the plaintiffs and the defendants 3 to 14 and vitiated by fraud; (Amended as per order, dated 11.08.2021 made in I.A.No.159 of 2021 ;in O.S.No.55)

(f-2). For declaration that the Deed of Sale, dated 29.05.2008, registered as document No.2090 of 2008 on the file of S.R.O.Cheyyur as null and void, unforecable, not binding upon the plaintiffs and the defendants 3 to 14 and vitiated by fraud; (Amended as per order

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