Back
2025 Supreme(Mad) 5001
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
R.Subramanian, G. Arul Murugan, JJ.
B. Kavitha - Petitioner
Versus
The Registrar General, Madras High Court and ors. - Respondents
Writ Petition No.6195 of 2025
Decided On : 20-03-2025
For the Petitioner: Mr.K.Shivakumar
For the Respondent: Ms.N.K.Kanthimathi
Maternity leave should not be denied based on unsubstantiated claims around marriage legitimacy; evidence provided suffices.
Headnote:(A) Maternity Leave - Principal District Judge's authority in examining applications - G.O.(Ms) No.84 - Maternity leave application was denied on unsubstantiated grounds of non-registration of marriage and assumptions about the pregnancy - No evidence disputed the marriage or legitimacy of the pregnancy. (Paras 4, 6, 7, 8)
(B) Judicial Discretion - Courts are to base decisions on evidence provided rather than assumptions - The employer cannot seek proof beyond doubt regarding marriage unless disputed - Judicial officers need to adopt a pragmatic approach. (Paras 5, 8, 9)
Facts of the case:
The petitioner, after losing her husband, married Bharathi and applied for maternity leave, which was rejected due to lack of registered marriage certificate and assumptions about the pregnancy timing.
Findings of Court:
The order denying maternity leave was erroneous and inhuman, with the claim of pregnancy being acknowledged; the work environment must be supportive.
Issues: Whether the rejection of maternity leave based on unproven assumptions was justified and how evidence of marriage should be treated.
Ratio Decidendi: The court asserted that in the absence of dispute regarding marriage, the application for maternity leave should not have been rejected on speculative grounds.
Result: The order rejecting maternity leave was set aside; maternity leave was to be granted with compensation for mental distress.
ORDER :
R.SUBRAMANIAN, J.
Challenge in this Writ Petition is to the proceedings of the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, Kodavasal dated 07.11.2024, wherein the application for maternity leave of the petitioner was rejected.
2. The petitioner, who was working as an Office Assistant in the said Court, lost her husband on 28.01.2020. Thereafter, she fell in love with one Bharathi S/o. Tamilmaran, and they got married on 28.04.2024. She conceived and she applied for Maternity Leave on 18.10.2024. The same was rejected on the ground that she has not produced a Marriage Certificate.
3. Mr.Shivakumar, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner would contend that the marriage was solemnized in a Temple as the petitioner was a young widow and therefore, the same could not be registered. The photographs of the marriage and the invitation were also filed. A complaint lodged by her claiming that the said Bharathi had cheated her on the promise of marriage was also relied upon.
4. The learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, in the order impugned in the Writ Petition had returned the application for maternity leave basically on three grounds. The first one is that the marriage was not registered, the second is that the FIR lodged cannot be treated as proof of marriage and the third the pregnancy appears to be prior to the marriage. Reliance has been placed by the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, on G.O.(Ms) No.84 which increases the period of maternity leave from 9 months to 12 months was also relied upon to contend that maternity leave is admissible only to married woman and not to others. Pursuant to the Writ Petition, the Principal District Judge, Thiruvarur, has filed a Report. Though the learned counsel appearing for the respondents would attempt to justify the order, we find ourselves unable to support the reasonings in the order impugned in the Writ Petition.
5. No doubt, Maternity Leave is granted to married woman. A marriage need not be compulsorily registered. The employer cannot seek proof beyond doubt for the factum of marriage unless it is disputed. In the case on hand, the petitioner had lodged a complaint on 14.03.2024 accusing her husband T.Bharathi, of having a relationship with her on the promise of marriage which resulted in her conceiving a child. An FIR has also been registered and it is also seen that the said Bharathi had taken an Anticipatory Bail. Subsequent there to at the instance of elders and well-wishers, the said Bharathi had married the petitioner at a Temple. Photographs of the marriage along with relatives as well as the wedding invitation have been produced.
6. In the absence of any other material, the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate should have acted upon the said material. Sadly, the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, has even gone to the extent of doubting the factum of pregnancy on the ground that marriage appears to have been after the pregnancy. It is the specific case of the petitioner that she conceived when her husband Bharathi had a relationship with her on a promise of marriage. Therefore, the petitioner should not have been denied maternity leave on the said ground. No one else had disputed the marriage.
7. When prima facie evidence is available, the learned Magistrate, in our considered opinion, erred grievously in rejecting the application for maternity leave on assumptions and surmises. The action of the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, to say the least is inhuman. In the days were even live in relationships are recognized by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the learned District Munsif cum Judicial Magistrate, Kodavasal, appears to have taken archaic view of the matter and has fished fir and found out reasons for rejection of the application of the petitioner. This, in our opinion, is wholly unwarranted.
8. The reliance placed on G.O.(Ms) No.84 is also ill conceived. The effect of the said G.O. is only to increase the
