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2026 Supreme(Mad) 541

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
K. MURALI SHANKAR, J.
Indira – Appellant
Versus
Prema – Respondent
S.A. (MD) No. 328 of 2019, C.M.P. (MD) No. 6780 of 2019
Decided On : 28-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : J. Barathan, C. Christopher
For the Respondent: S. Srinivasa Raghavan

The court ruled that a plaintiff's acquiescence to ongoing construction delays the right to seek mandatory injunction, favoring monetary compensation instead.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Section 100 - Specific Relief Act - Section 39 - Second Appeal against decree granting mandatory injunction and relief of declaration regarding encroachment - Suit dismissed by Trial Court, reversed by First Appellate Court - Plaintiff claimed ownership of II Schedule property and sought injunction against defendants' constructions, asserting violation of agreement Ex.A.2 - Defendants contested the suit, arguing no maintainable claims were presented and ambiguity existed in property identification - Substantial questions framed included the maintainability of injunction and the impact of plaintiff's evidence omission. (Paras 8 and 26)

(B) Acquiescence - Doctrine of acquiescence discussed, establishing that passive knowledge of construction and undue delay in challenging it precludes relief - Court held that relief of mandatory injunction shall not be granted when the plaintiff silently observes constructions in progress, leading to the conclusion that they waived their rights. (Paras 24 and 25)

(C) Compensation - Court awarded Rs.1,00,000/- as compensation to the plaintiff for the encroachment instead of mandatory injunction, emphasizing that injury could be adequately compensated by monetary relief. (Paras 27 and 28)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff alleged unauthorized constructions by the defendants over the II schedule wall, which was claimed to belong to her via the agreement. The defendants contended their rights were valid based on their ownership and documentation.

Findings of Court:
The Court found that while the Executed Agreement established some rights, the plaintiff's acquiescence to long-standing construction negated her claims for immediate injunction.

Issues: Main issues included whether the absence of detailed particulars in the injunction suit was sufficient for dismissal and the impact of a witness's absence who was key to the agreement evidence.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court clarified that for mandatory injunction, the principles of acquiescence and timely pursuit of rights play crucial roles, underscoring how delay in asserting claims diminishes the plaintiff’s position.

Result: Second Appeal partly allowed; mandatory injunction set aside and compensation awarded.

Table of Content
1. dispute over property ownership and construction rights (Para 1 , 2 , 4)
2. defendants argue lack of merit in plaintiff's suit (Para 5 , 8 , 13)
3. trial court dismissed plaintiff's suit (Para 6 , 7)
4. counsel's arguments focus on inaction and acquiescence (Para 9 , 10 , 12)
5. court emphasizes the significance of timely objection (Para 21 , 23)
6. mandatory injunction denied due to delay and acquiescence (Para 24 , 26)
7. compensation awarded instead of injunction (Para 27 , 28)

JUDGMENT :

K. MURALI SHANKAR, J.

1. The Second Appeal is directed against the judgment and decree made in A.S.No.128 of 2017, dated 05.03.2018, on the file of the Subordinate Court, Tiruchendure, reversing the judgment and decree made in O.S.No.133 of 2011, dated 22.02.2013, on the file of the District Munsif Court, Tiruchendure.

2. The defendants are the appellants. The respondent as plaintiff filed the suit claiming reliefs of declaration that the suit II Schedule property belongs to her and for mandatory injunction directing the defendants to remove the construction put up in the suit II schedule property.

3. For the sake of convenience and brevity, the parties will hereinafter be referred as per their status/ranking in their original suit.

4. The plaintiff's case in short is as follows:

(a) The suit I schedule property is owned by the plaintiff. The plaintiff settled the I schedule property in favour of her son Ramkumar, vide settlement deed dated 20.03.2002 and subsequently the said Ramkumar executed a settlement deed dated 18.09.2009 settling the said property in favour of her mother – plaintiff. The defendants' property is situated on the south of the plaintiff's I schedule property. A wall available in the ground floor in between the properties of the plaintiff and the defendants is a common wall with a width of 1 ½ feet. When the plaintiff was attempting to make constructions in the western side of I schedule property, the defendants objected for making any constructions on the common wall. The plaintiff's son had constructed the first floor building by putting their wall on the northern half portion of the common wall and the said northern wall is shown as suit II schedule property. The plaintiff's son Ramkumar entered into an agreement with the defendants on 13.08.2003 in respect of the suit wall wherein it has been specifically shown that II schedule wall was owned by the plaintiff's son and that the defendants are not entitled to make any constructions on the said wall.

(b) The defendants attempted to make constructions on the suit II schedule wall during January 2010 and since the same was objected, they have stopped their constructions, but again the defendants made constructions on 06.05.2011, despite the objections of the plaintiff. The defendants have raised their constructions on the suit II schedule wall and since the defendants are not having any right over the suit II schedule wall, the plaintiff was constrained to file the above suit claiming declaration that the suit II schedule wall is belonging to her and for mandatory injunction for removal of the construction made on II schedule wall by the defendants.

5. The defence of the defendants in short is as follows:

The plaintiff's suit is not maintainable either under law or on facts. The plaint contentions regarding the suit II schedule wall, execution of agreement dated 13.08.2003 and the constructions on the suit II schedule wall are all false and untenable. The defendants had already completed their constructions with Government approval. The plaintiff has absolutely no right or possession over the defendants' property. The plaintiff has created a document with an ulterior motive and the same is illegal and unenforceable. The defendants have purchased their property vide sale deed dated 04.02.1985 and they have been in possession and enjoyment of the property similar to that of their predecessor in title. The plaintiff has no cause of action to file the suit. Hence, the su

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