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2026 Supreme(Mad) 791

BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
K.MURALI SHANKAR, J.
The State of Tamil Nadu, rep.by The District Collector, Thoothukudi – Petitioner
Versus
Jothi Lakshmi – Respondent
C.M.P.(MD)No.2862 of 2025 in S.A(MD)No.SR 9518 of 2025
Decided On : 05-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner:Mr. A. Ajmal Khan, Additional Advocate General, for Mr. D. Gandhiraj, Special Government Pleader.
For the Respondent: Mr. J. Barathan.

Delay in filing a second appeal cannot be condoned without sufficient cause; administrative reasons and natural calamities must be substantiated with evidence.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order XLI, Rule 3(A) - Condonation of delay - Application filed to condone a delay of 4863 days in filing a second appeal against the judgment and decree made in A.S.No.15 of 2007 - Delay attributed to various administrative reasons and natural calamities - Court finds reasons insufficient and lacks specific evidence - Dismissal of petition for condonation of delay upheld. The Court reiterated that reasons for delay must be substantiated and administrative excuses are not sufficient. (Paras 3, 21, 22)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff initiated a suit claiming ownership and an injunction against interference by the defendant, which was dismissed by the trial court. The appellate court reversed this decision, prompting the defendant to file a second appeal with a 4863-day delay, citing various administrative complications and natural calamities as reasons for the delay.

Findings of Court:
The court acknowledged the delay but determined that the reasons presented by the defendant were neither sufficient nor adequately substantiated.

Issues: Whether the delay in filing the second appeal can be condoned based on the reasons provided by the defendant.

Ratio Decidendi: The court highlighted that delays should be supported by convincing evidence and care must be taken to balance the explanation for delay against the rights of the opposing party. The absence of justifiable reasons led to the dismissal of the application for condonation of delay.

Result: The Civil Miscellaneous Petition is dismissed, and the Second Appeal is rejected.

Table of Content
1. overview of factual background and proceedings. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. response to delay condonation petition. (Para 7 , 8)
3. procedural consideration of delay condonation. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
4. analysis of the grounds for delay and parties' arguments. (Para 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
5. legal principles guiding condonation of delay. (Para 20 , 21)
6. final ruling on the petition. (Para 23 , 24)

ORDER :

K.MURALI SHANKAR, J.

The above application has been filed under Order XLI, Rule 3(A) of C.P.C. , to condone the delay of 4863 days in filing the second appeal, challenging the judgment and decree made in A.S.No.15 of 2007, dated 18.06.2008 on the file of the Additional District Court, Thoothukudi, reversing the judgment and decree passed in O.S.No.9 of 2005, dated 10.01.2006 on the file of the Sub Court, Kovilpatti.

2.The respondent as plaintiff filed the suit in O.S.No.9 of 2005, claiming the reliefs to declare that the suit properties are belonging to the plaintiff and for consequential permanent injunction, restraining the defendant and their men from in any manner interfering with the plaintiff's peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit property.

3.The petitioner/defendant filed a written statement and contested the suit. The learned Subordinate Judge, Kovilpatti, after framing necessary issues and after full trial, passed the judgment, dated 10.01.2006, dismissing the suit. Aggrieved by the dismissal of the suit, the plaintiff filed an appeal in A.S.No.15 of 2007 and the learned Additional District Judge, Thoothukudi, upon considering the materials available on record and on hearing the arguments of both the sides, passed the judgment and decree, dated 18.06.2008, allowing the appeal and thereby setting aside the judgment and decree of the trial Court and granted the reliefs of declaration and permanent injunction as prayed for by the plaintiff. Challenging the judgment and decree of the first appellate Court, the defendant, who is the Government of Tamil Nadu represented by the District Collector, Thoothukudi, filed the present second appeal along with the above application to condone the delay of 4863 days in filing the second appeal.

4. The case of the petitioner canvassed in the delay condonation petition is that after the disposal of the first appeal, the respondent/plaintiff had initiated various proceedings before the Revenue authorities for grant of patta; that the respondent has also filed number of writ petitions, seeking directions to consider her representations claiming patta for the suit property and that since the officials of the petitioner/defendant were grappling with number proceedings before various authorities, they could not prefer the second appeal within the stipulated time.

5.It is their further case that the property in question was used for conducting sports events by the members of Adi-Dravidar Community and this situation has escalated in sensitivity, placing the Revenue Authorities in a precarious position due to potential for conflict; that the Adi-Dravidar community has a history of organizing numerous sports events at the said location, thereby establishing a pattern that may complicate property rights and claims; that the officials have been compelled to invest considerable time and resources into identifying a viable solution that addresses the competing interests while mitigating the risk of law and order issues and this necessity for intervention reflects the broader implications of property disputes in community contexts, highlighting the need for a thorough examination of the facts and circumstances surrounding the claims; that there is a delay of 4863 days in filing the second appeal and the said delay is neither wilful nor wanton and due to the above said administrative reasons, Covid-19 and other natural calamity, namely, flood in Thoothukudi and that the petitioner will be put to irreparable loss and untold hardship, if the delay is not condoned.

6. It

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