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2026 Supreme(Mad) 1330

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
S.M. SUBRAMANIAM, N. SENTHILKUMAR, JJ.
The State of Tamil Nadu, Rep. By Its Additional Chief Secretary To Government, Environment, Climate Change and Forest Department – Appellant
Versus
A. Sekar, S/o. Arumugam – Respondent
WA No. 959 of 2026 and CMP No. 9946 of 2026
Decided On : 01-06-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Dr. R. Gouri, Government Counsel.
For the Respondents: Mrs. K. Jenitha.

A writ petition is not maintainable when it seeks the implementation of a prior judicial order, particularly after a significant delay. Once seniority is determined through a court-mandated process and administrative finality is reached, successive litigation to unsettle such matters is barred.

Headnote:(A) Writ Jurisdiction - Implementation of previous orders - No writ petition is maintainable for seeking the implementation of an order passed in another writ petition, as such an approach leads to multiplicity of proceedings rather than following established procedural channels for execution. (Para 9)

(B) Limitation and Laches - Filing a fresh writ petition after a significant lapse of nine years from an original order, especially when the subject matter has been addressed by subsequent judicial and administrative committees, is impermissible and contrary to the principles of judicial finality. (Para 9, 12)

(C) Seniority and Promotion - Determination of interse seniority and promotional benefits must adhere to established committee reports and Government orders, and once service records and seniority positions are settled in compliance with a division bench direction, they cannot be unsettled by an individual claim for fresh notional promotion. (Para 13)

Facts of the case:
The respondent, a former daily wage worker subsequently regularized, filed a writ petition seeking notional promotion in a specific post based on a past court order issued nine years prior. The petitioner/department contended that the seniority of employees was already settled by a court-appointed committee, finalized through government orders, and that terminal benefits had been processed accordingly.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that the issue of seniority had been comprehensively adjudicated by a division bench previously, leading to the creation of a committee and subsequent government implementation. The court held that the respondent’s claim to reopen settled seniority lists via a new writ petition was devoid of merit, especially since existing mechanisms for grievance redressal and terminal benefit settlement were already in place.

Issues: Whether a fresh writ petition is maintainable for the enforcement of a prior judicial order after a nine-year delay, and whether an employee can claim notional promotion bypassing the seniority list finalized by a court-mandated process.

Ratio Decidendi: The court maintained that when seniority has been determined through a robust, court-monitored consultative process and given effect through administrative orders, individual litigants cannot invoke writ jurisdiction to alter such a settled position. Furthermore, the court emphasized that it is not legally permissible to file a fresh writ petition for the specific purpose of implementing an earlier writ order.

Result: Writ Appeal allowed.

Table of Content
1. maintainability of a fresh writ petition filed to implement a previous order after a long delay. (Para 1 , 2 , 9 , 10)
2. prioritization of division bench-settled seniority and promotion lists over individual claims of notional promotion. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
3. doctrine of stale claims and the finality of administrative orders passed pursuant to court-mandated committees. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)

JUDGMENT :

S.M. Subramaniam, J.

The present intra-Court appeal has been instituted challenging the writ order dated 21.08.2025 passed in W.P.No.31529 of 2025.

2. State preferred the present Writ Appeal mainly on the ground that settled seniority and promotion made in pursuance to the order of the Division Bench of this Court as confirmed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court is unsettled in the writ order impugned and in the event of implementing the said order, the same would result in causing prejudice to the employees whose seniority and promotions were settled in view of the orders of the Court.

3. The respondent was appointed as Plot Watcher on daily wage basis. Some daily wage Plot Watchers were regularised in the time scale of pay. A batch of daily wage employees have approached the Court and the Courts have directed to regularise their services in a sanctioned post. Since the posts available were inadequate, by creating supernumerary post, the Plot Watchers were accommodated in the regular establishment. The services of these Plot Watchers were regularised and they were subsequently promoted to the post of Forest Watchers and thereafter retired from service. The respondent also attained the age of superannuation and retired from service.

4. The learned counsel for the respondent would mainly contend that the respondent along with other similarly placed employees filed W.P.No.40881 of 2016 seeking a relief to direct the Forest Department to include their names in the panel for promotion to the post of Forester for the year 2011-2012 on par with their juniors without insisting for completion of Vaigai Dam Training. The Writ Petition was disposed of by the learned Single Judge by order dated 22.11.2016. Accordingly, the official respondents were directed to include the names of petitioners in the panel for the year 2011- 2012 and promote them as Foresters from the date on which their juniors were promoted, on notional basis. A direction was issued mainly on the ground that the employees are not undergoing Vaigai Dam Training and due to administrative reasons they were not sent for training.

5. A batch of Writ Petitions were subsequently filed by these daily wage Plot Watchers, who were regularised subsequently in a permanent post and the Division Bench of this Court has passed a common order on 17.04.2018. The issue relating to fixation of interse seniority between direct recruit and promotees were also adjudicated by the Division Bench of this Court. The Writ Appeals were disposed of on 17.04.2018 by issuing the following directions:-

23. Accordingly, this Court issues the following directions:

(i) The appellants as well as the private respondents before this Court shall submit a detailed representation within a period of one month from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment and appear before the Committee either in person or through their respective counsel, to explain their seniority position, so as to enable the Committee to draft the fresh seniority list of the Forest Guards fit for promotion to the post of Foresters.

(ii) The Committee shall consider the representation of the parties and prepare the seniority list of the Forest Guards fit for promotion to the post of Foresters, on merits and in accordance with the relevant rules and Government orders and applying the rota-quota rule and pass orders, within a period of six months from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment.

(iii) The Committee shall determine the seniority of the Forest Guards from the date of appointment in the case of direct recruits

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