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1992 Supreme(Ori) 23

High Court Of Orissa
ARIJIT PASAYAT
STATE BANK OF INDIA, BALANGIR BRANCH - Appellant
Versus
SATYANARAYAN SARANGI - Respondent
Criminal Revision 375  Of  1988
Decided On : 03/03/1992

Advocates Appeared:
H.S.Mishra, M.M.DAS, M.N.DASGUPTA

Headnote:Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Sections 228 to 240- Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 420/467/468 - Charge of cheating etc against an employee of Bank. Withdrawal form containing some words & figures in his handwriting. Form given by said employee for entry in Books to other employee - Withdrawal form containing forged signature. Magistrate framed charges - Additional Sessions Judge discharged the accused as no prima facie case on allegations even if accepted. Whether Sessions Judge was justified in setting aside order framing charge ? (No).

       Held: For the purpose of determining whether there is sufficient ground for proceeding against an accused, the Court possesses comparatively wider discretion in the exercise of which it can determine the question whether the material on record, if unrebutted, is such on the basis of which it can reasonably be said that the accused had some link with the alleged offence. It has, however, to be remembered that at the stage of framing charge the prosecution has not yet commenced. The truth, veracity and effect of the evidence which the investigating Police Officer has gathered and which the prosecutor proposes to adduce are not to be meticulously judged. The standard of test, proof and judgment which is to be applied finally before finding the accused guilty or otherwise, is not exactly to be applied at the stage of section 227 or 228 and section 239 or 240 of the Code. At that stage, even a very strong suspicion founded upon materials before the Magistrate, which leads him to form a presumptive opinion as to the existence of the factual ingredients constituting the offence alleged may justify the framing of charge. (Para 4)

       The case in hand is not one where it can be said that there is no material to link the accused with the alleged crime. The Handwriting Expert's report shows that words and numbers are in the handwriting of the opp. party. No.1. The evidence of Smt. Smita Patnaik also shows that the opp. party No.1 had handed over the withdrawal voucher to her to make necessary entries in the accounts registers. Sufficiency of these materials for brining home the allegations against opp. party No.1 is to be gone into at the trial. Lokanath Nepak had denied that the withdrawal form had been signed by him. Since comparison of his signature with the signature appearing in the withdrawal form cannot be ruled out at the trial, that aspect should not have weighed in the mind of the learned Additional Sessions Judge while dealing with the propriety of framing charge. As observed by the Supreme Court in Raj Narain Singh's case (supra), it is not impermissible for the prosecution to place materials in that regard at the time of trial. There visional court was not justified in setting aside the order framing charge. (Para 5)

       In the aforesaid premises, the conclusion of the learned Additional Sessions Judge are indefensible, and he was not justified in setting aside the order framing charge. (Para 6)

       

ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.

( 1 ) THE order of the learned Additional Sessions Judge, Balangir discharging opposite party No. 1 under Section 239 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in short 'the Code') by setting aside the order of the learned Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate, Balangir (in short 'the SDJM') is assailed in this revision application by the informant.

( 2 ) THE accusations which set the law into motion are as follows : opposite Party No. 1 Satyanarayan Sarangi (hereinafter referred to as 'the accused') was working as a clerk of the State bank of India, Balangir Branch (hereinafter referred to as 'the informant' ). The Branch Manager of the informant-bank lodged a report in the Balangir town Police Station to the effect that on Lokanath Nepak had opened a savings bank account in the bank, and he complained about irregularities in his account. The account holder had not withdrawn Rs. 7,500/- from his account, but it was so reflected in the pass book. On receipt of information, a case under Ss. 420/467/468 of the Indian Penal Code, 1960 (in short 'ipc') was registered and after investigation chargesheet was submitted against the accused-opposite party No. 1. The materials on which reliance was placed to implicate the accused were that the Handwriting Expert found certain words and numbers which were in his handwriting. He was working in the withdrawal counter on the date on which the withdrawal has been shown to have been made. From the statement of one Mrs. Smita Patnaik it appeared that accused entrusted her with the withdrawal voucher to make necessary entries in the accounts registers.

( 3 ) BY order dated 16-12-1986, the learned SDJM, Balangir framed charge against the opp. party No. 1 under Ss. 420/467/468, I. P. C. The said order was assailed in revision before the learned Sessions Judge, Balangir. Before the revisional Court it was primarily contended that there was absolutely no material on record to connect the opp. party No. 1 with the alleged crime. The materials on record do not justify framing of charge, as even if the materials stand unrebutted, it would not result in his conviction. Though the Handwriting Expert has opined that some portions in the withdrawal voucher were in the handwriting of the opp. party No. 1, the specimen signatures of the opp. party No. 1 did not tally with the handwriting in question as appearing in the withdrawal slip. The learned Addl. Sessions Judge, Balangir, who heard the revision application was of the view that there was no material in the instant case to show that the accused was the author of the withdrawal voucher and therefore, did not sustain the charge. It was also observed that the opinion of the Handwriting Expert was not obtained after comparison of the admitted and specimen signatures of Shri Lokanath Nepak, the account holder with the handwritings appearing in the withdrawal voucher, and therefore, there was no material to show that actually the signature of Shri Nepak was forged in the withdrawal voucher. The very foundation of the allegation was set at naught by such non-comparison.

( 4 ) MR. M. N. Das, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner, submits that the approach of the learned Additional Sessions Judge was erroneous. It was not open to him to make a threadbare analysis of the evidence and arrive at the conclusion as done. At the stage of framing charge, a very strong suspicion founded upon material which leads to form a presumptive opinion constituting the alleged offence would be sufficient. The learned counsel for opposite party No. 1, however, submits that even if the entire prosecution version was unrebutted, the same would not lead to a conclusion of complicity of the opp. party No. 1 in the offence of any kind, much less for which he was charged by the learned SDJM.

( 5 ) SECTIONS 228 and 240 of the Code deal with framing of charge. While S. 228 relates to framing of charge in respect of offences triable by Court of Session, S. 240 dea


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