High Court Of Orissa
B. K. Behera
B.K.KUTTY - Appellant
Versus
STATE - Respondent
Criminal Appeal 210 Of 1979
Decided On : 06/19/1984
(ii) Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, Section 6 (1) (c) -'Sanction' - Strikes at root of the case and a condition precedent to valid prosecution-Question of 'want of valid sanction' is legal-Can it be raised in appeal for first time? (Yes)-Grant of sanction-Not au idle formality or acromonious exercise-But solemn and sacrosanct act which affords protection to Government servants against frivolous prosecution - Validity of - Principles: (i) sanction be given in respect of facts constituting the offence. (ii) facts be placed before the sanctioning authority, and
(iii) such authority accords it after application of his mind - Prosecution tendered unsatisfactory evidence as to what facts were placed before sanctioning authority - No legal and valid sanction proved Cognizance of offences had in laid Conviction liable to be aside. (Paras 7 to 9)
(iii) Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1952, Section 7 - Object of - Provisions for speedy trial of certain offences - Cases triable by Special judge - Offences which arise in same transaction allied with principal offences - When Special judge has no jurisdiction to try a principal offence, he is incompetent to take cognizance of any allied offence, too - Want of legal and valid sanction existed-Special judge tried offences under Section 5, 'Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 and under Section 467, Indian Penal Code, 1860 - No valid trial in eye of law-Consequently, appellant deserves acquittal of the charges. (Paras 10 to 15)
(iv) Handwriting expert - Opinion of - Is it hazardous to base conviction solely on such opinion? (Yes) - Science of identification of handwriting is not so perfect - In appropriate cases, corroboration may be sought. (Para 22)
B. K. BEHERA, J.
( 1 ) THE appellant stool charged for commission of offences punishable under Section 512) read with Section 5 (1) (c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 (for short, the Act) and Section 467 of the Indian Penal Code (for short, the Code) in the court of the Special Judge, Sambalpur, as follows: First-That you B. K. Kutty being a public servant i. e. in the capacity of a Steno to R. T. O. , Sundargarh in December, 1972, dishonestly or fraudulently misappropriated or converted to your own use a sum of Rs. 325/- by forging the R. C. Book of car No. O. R. D. 5328 and by putting a false R. C. No. 1034 dated 10-11-72, which sum was entrusted to you in the said capacity, which was under your control by one Kundanlal of old Station, Rourkela towards the tax of his said car and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 5 (2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act read with Section 5 (1) (c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, and within my cognizance. Second-That you B. K. Kutty during the same time and place, being the Steno to R. T. O. , Sundargarh, forged certain documents purporting to be a valuable security i. e. the R. C. Book of car No. O. R. O. 5328 by incorporating false entries therein and by putting a false and fabricated signature and seal of the R. T. O. , Sundargarh with intent to misappropriate a sum of Rs. 325/- and that you thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 467 of the Indian Penal Code and within my cognizance.
( 2 ) TO bring home the charges to the appellant, the prosecution had examined eight witnesses of whom P. W. 1 was the person who had allegedly entrusted the amount of Rs. 325. 00 with the appellant. P. W. 2, an employee of the office of the Regional Transport Officer at Rourkela, had proved Ext. 1, the cheet containing the seal of the Taxing Officer, Rourkela. P. W. 7 was the Regional Transport Officer at Sundargarh at the relevant time. P. W. 3 had examined the disputed signatures and seal with the specimen and admitted signatures and writings of the appellant and P. W. 7. The case of forgery had been based on his opinion. P. Ws. 4 to 6 and 8 had investigated into the case. P. W. 4 was the Inspector of Vigilance who had obtained the order I of sanction and submitted the charge-sheet.
( 3 ) THE appellant had pleaded not guilty to the charges and according to him, all the allegations made against him were false. He had not examined any witness in his defence.
( 4 ) ON a consideration of the evidence, the learned Special Judge had held that both the charges bad been established. For his conviction in respect of each of the charges, the appellant has been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of one year and to pay a fine of Rs. 200/- and in default of payment thereof to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of one month, with a direction that the sentences of imprisonment would run concurrently.
( 5 ) APPEARING on behalf of the appellant, Mr. K. Patnaik has raised three contentions:
(1) The prosecution of the appellant in respect of the offence punishable under section 5 (2) read with section 5 (1) (c) of the Act was bad in law owing to want of valid and legal sanction under section 6 of the Act. (2) As the prosecution of the appellant was illegal and invalid because of want of sanction for the offence punishable under the Act, the trial of the appellant in respect of the other charge of forgery punishable under section 467 of the Code was without jurisdiction. (3) The factual findings recorded by the trial court against the appellant are unwarranted on the evidence on record and the order of conviction cannot be sustained in law.
( 6 ) MR. Indrajit Ray, the learned Additional Government Advocate, has submitted that the factual findings recorded by the trial court are well founded on the evidence on record. According to him, sanction has been accorded by the appropriate authority. He has very fairly submitted that in case this Court
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